Ocupações e rendas das mulheres das famílias rurais na Região Sul: uma perspectiva de gênero

Abstract

This paper aims to measure and analyse the participation of rural women in agricultural and non-agricultural activities in the South Region of Brazil, during 2001 to 2005, in the gender perspective, considering the transforming perspective in rural area and their influence in gender roles. The special tabulations of the National Research of Domestic Samples PNAD were used for a quantitive analysis. According to the results, a little increase in the total number of employed women in rural families of the South Region was noticed. In the self-employed women family - the most numerous - it was verified an increase, pointing out the non-agricultural and pluriactive activities. In the employed group, the non-agricultural activities have presented a significative increase, however, the bigger amount is a combination of housework as well, a fact that indicates the precariousness of such ocupations and reveals an undesirable situation, because the housework is practically the extension of the women s activities at home and potentially little joins in the gender relationship. The increasing number of employed women inside the self-employed and employed families shows up the existence of a Brazilian rural not just agricultural, but also as a space for leisure, living and implantation of small and medium sized agro-industries, that in fact, allied to social transferences, mainly in the form of retirement and allowance corresponds to a very expressive parcel in the revenue composition of rural women workers, capable of contributing to form a containment barrier to the rural exodus. There is a tendency of expansion on non-agricultural activities, which opportunes the women to contact several working institutions and organizations that are very important to develop a problematization of gender roles inside the familiar structure of origin patriarchy in the agricultural environment, in such a way they can agregate and express intensely their social, human and sinergic capital parcel for the rural development process.