Desenvolvimento rural no Mato Grosso e seus biomas

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the profile of the rural development occurred in the Mato Grosso, in the biomes of the Cerrado, Pantanal and Amazon in the first decade of 2000. Based on the case study, this research descriptive and deductive, presents as method the experimental-explanatory model, of quality quantitative character. In this study, first, it used descriptive statistics to expose the data by means of figures, tables, graphs and maps in order to analyze the social, environmental and economic aspects of the municipalities in the biomes of Cerrado, Amazon and Pantanal of the Mato Grosso. After, it used multivariate statistical with factorial analysis by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and its use has confirmatory character, to support the qualitative research analysis. With acquisition of the factors by the PCA, it calculated the Gross Index and from this identified the Rural Development Index (RDI) for Mato Grosso and its biomes, classifying municipalities into five stages of development: very high, high, medium, low and very low. The results revealed that the process of rural development occurred differently and not homogeneous in the territories, however, prevailed RDIs in the lower grades. The Cerrado Matogrossense presented municipalities with better rural development in concentration of the islands by the State and the municipalities of the Amazon biome were identified most with the lowest rating of RDI (Low and Very Low). Became evident that the degrees of development rural of municipalities are strongly induced by the economic aspects of the territory, which interferes in the social aspects of the space. Regions with strong presence of farming activities in exportable monocultures such as soy, corn and sugarcane showed better living conditions for the rural population, even though this is lower in rural areas; however this level of development is highlighted also by the existence of agribusiness in the region. Environmental issues showed a strong impact on rural development, also influencing the quality of life of people of Mato Grosso.