https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/611 Wed, 04 Feb 2026 09:21:00 GMT 2026-02-04T09:21:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8114 Title: A trajetória das vendas de cigarros lícitos no Brasil caso não ocorresse a Covid-19: uma abordagem usando o Causal Impact Autor: Tonieto, Ricardo Scalabrin Primeiro orientador: Shikida, Pery Francisco Assis Abstract: Smoking is a behavior that can lead to nicotine dependence, and addiction is associated with health problems that can cause approximately 50 diseases, ranging from disabling to fatal, including respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Brazil, together with 183 parties (182 countries and the European Union), is a signatory to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), the first treaty aimed at reducing smoking. In line with this guideline, since 2012, the federal government has been increasing taxes and implementing a policy of raising the minimum price of cigarettes to discourage consumption while simultaneously boosting tax revenue. This approach appears plausible in the context of the price inelasticity of cigarette demand. However, the cigarette produced legally in Brazil has a substitute, namely the illegal product, whether smuggled or produced illicitly in the country. This fact suggests elasticity rather than inelasticity in cigarette demand. Consequently, between 2012 and 2022, there was an increase in the market share of illegal cigarettes and a decline in tax revenue. This scenario changed with the Covid-19 pandemic, which led to mobility restrictions and partial border closures, reducing the inflow of illegal cigarettes from Paraguay, the primary supplier of smuggled tobacco products. Additionally, the appreciation of the U.S. dollar during this period increased production costs for the Paraguayan tobacco industry. Given this context, this paper aims to estimate the behavior of legal cigarette sales in Brazil had the Covid-19 pandemic not occurred. The Causal Impact method, based on the Structural Bayesian Model and the State Space Model, is used to analyze a counterfactual scenario – that is, an estimate of how the cigarette market would have evolved without the pandemic’s impact. The main result is that, in the absence of the unexpected factors that benefited the legal cigarette market during the pandemic, sales of legal cigarettes would have continued their downward trend, negatively impacting tax collection and favoring the illegal product. This implies that, by applying the Causal Impact method, it was possible to simulate an alternative scenario, that is, a projection of what would have happened without the shock of the pandemic. This reinforces the fact that legal Brazilian cigarettes have a substitute and are no longer inelastic. Thus, the policy of raising taxes and increasing the minimum cigarette price to discourage consumption and maximize tax revenue is a fallacy that warrants further debate in terms of public policy. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese Thu, 26 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8114 2025-06-26T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8034 Title: Contextualização do mercado de hortifrutigranjeiros, CEASA-PR, na microrregião de Cascavel-PR Autor: Bahiense, Douglas Vianna Primeiro orientador: Rippel, Ricardo Abstract: Western region of the state of Paraná was the last geographic mesoregion of the state to be colonized, which resulted in the formation of three homogeneous microregions: Cascavel, Foz do Iguaçu and Toledo, which together contain fifty municipalities. In this area, the Cascavel Microregion stands out the most and its economy is linked to the agro-industrial model established in Brazil since the 1970s, becoming an important center for the commercialization of essential consumer goods for the population, including fruit and vegetable products. Therefore, the general objective of this work is to analyze the dynamics of wholesale marketing of fruit and vegetable products from the Paraná Supply Center Unit (CEASA - PR) in Cascavel in the period from 2010 to 2022, referring to supply and revenue, given the locations involved in its supply system. Work methodology included the documentary nature of the statistical data, based on an exploratory-descriptive research of the marketing system for fruit and vegetables at the CEASA - PR Unit in Cascavel, considered as a case study. In this process, statistical data was collected in the Unit from the internal system “CEASA - PR Indicators”. Subsequently, descriptive statistics were developed for the two main variables of the study: supply and revenue. In the case of origins, the origin of Brazilian States and Municipalities and Supplier Countries was analyzed for commercial purposes both in general and for the 10 selected fruit and vegetable products. This research was based on the historical-economic construction of the Cascavel Microregion. The temporal analyses carried out demonstrated that even with the record supply registered in 2014, it was seen that since 2015 the supply availability of food products in the Unit has been decreasing annually in the wholesale space. On the other hand, the Unit's revenue showed consistent growth until 2016. After the sharpest drop in revenue from 2016 to 2017, a discreet financial recovery was observed in the CEASA - PR regional system in 2022, the first post-pandemic year. In the commercial situation of the Unit, whether in terms of supply or revenue, the three main products stood out in the period such as potatoes, bananas and tomatoes. Through the research, it was possible to confirm the importance of the context of origins, traceability and the regional importance of the commercialization carried out by the Unit. Regarding the origin of fruit and vegetable products, the Brazilian states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and São Paulo stood out as the dominant state. Regarding Brazilian municipalities, due to the general supply and revenue of all fruit and vegetable products and the top 10 of them, the municipalities that stood out were Irati-PR, Caçador-PR, Guarapuava-PR, Itaipulândia-PR and Jacupiranga-SP. Furthermore, the Unit holds strategic relevance at the regional level, given its location as a facilitating component for receiving fruit and vegetable products from all over Brazil, mainly from the state of Paraná, through a relevant road network for logistical facilitation. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese Fri, 16 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8034 2025-05-16T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7949 Title: Dispersão dos rendimentos do trabalho entre homens e mulheres: uma análise da Região Sul do Brasil (2012-2019) Autor: Ribeiro, Laudelina Alves Primeiro orientador: Staduto, Jefferson Andronio Ramundo Abstract: The labor market shows dispersions in earnings between men and women, influenced by the productive characteristics of workers, gender and color discrimination, occupational segregation and regional factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the dispersion of labor incomes between men and women along the distribution of incomes in southern Brazil, considering the entire southern region and its occupations, the Metropolitan Region (MR) and Non-Metropolitan Region (NMR), and the states of Paraná (PR), Santa Catarina (SC) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS), in the periods from 2012 to 2015 and from 2016 to 2019. The specific objectives include: a) to estimate and analyze the determinants of labor income in the Southern Region and by occupations; b) to estimate and analyze the determinants of labor income in the RM and RNM, and in the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul; c) to estimate and analyze how productive factors influence the dispersion of income between male and female workers in the Southern Region and by occupations; d) estimate and analyze how productive factors influence the dispersion of earnings between male and female workers in the MR and NMR, and in the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul; and e) evaluate how structural factors influence the dispersion of earnings between male and female workers. The research is aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), covering gender equality (SDG 5), decent work and economic growth (SDG 8) and reducing inequalities (SDG 10). The hypotheses formulated were: (I) dispersion between men and women is greater among workers with higher incomes and higher qualifications, explained by unobservable factors; and, (II) income dispersion becomes more pronounced during periods of economic crisis. The methodology used the Mincer (1974) wage equation to estimate the Recentralized Influence Function (RIF regression) and the Decomposition by Recentralized Influence Function (RIF decomposition). The stacked microdata was obtained from the IBGE's National Continuous Household Sample Survey (PNADC), for the first visit. The results showed that in both periods, experience and study had a positive influence on income, especially in the higher quantiles. Education had a greater impact in the crisis period (2016 to 2019), and men had higher incomes. Factors such as color, formal work and residence in urban areas were also associated with higher incomes. In terms of income dispersion, men received higher incomes in all the areas analyzed, with the exception of the elementary occupational group, and the disparities were more pronounced during the crisis. Discrimination, as an unobservable factor, was the main determinant of these disparities. Despite existing public policies, Brazil still faces significant challenges in reducing gender discrimination in the labor market, especially in the barriers to women's professional advancement, such as the “glass ceiling” and the “sticky floor”. It is recommended to increase enforcement of existing policies and implement tax incentives for companies that reduce gender income dispersion, as well as the development of a government database for the dissemination of salary reports by gender at the municipal, state and/or federal level, since this information is already provided by companies to the government under the Equal Pay Act. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese Wed, 26 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7949 2025-03-26T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7332 Title: Três ensaios sobre a agroindústria canavieira no Brasil: história das estratégias empresariais do setor, convergência da produtividade e estudos de casos Autor: Cattelan, Renata Primeiro orientador: Shikida, Pery Francisco Assis Abstract: Historically, the sugarcane sector coped with strong subsidies, regulation and government support until 1990, when the government gradually withdrew from these tasks and promoted commercial opening. To remain in the market, agribusinesses need to establish a more competitive production system in the face of competition and instability in international trade. This movement accentuated the heterogeneities that already existed between Brazilian plants/distilleries and, together with other factors, led many agribusinesses to bankruptcy from 2008/2009 onwards. Considering this scenario, the general objective of this thesis is to verify whether there is convergence in sugarcane productivity in Brazil and to analyze how companies in the sector are operating to remain in the market. To achieve the general objective, this thesis was divided into three different specific objectives, which comprised three essays. The objective of the first essay was to carry out a historical analysis investigating the results of the strategies adopted by the sugarcane sector in response to actions or events that affected the activity, as well as highlighting the prospects for recent opportunities and challenges. The second specific objective was to evaluate whether there was convergence in land productivity for sugarcane between 2006 and 2017 for Brazilian microregions, and to verify the contribution of some variations to this convergence. To this end, a methodology adopted for spatial econometrics seeks to control the spatial dependence and heterogeneity of the sample. The third essay aims to analyze and characterize the strategies of two plants in Paraná in the light of strategy theories, in order to situate them in terms of the procedures used for the company's sustainability and expansion in the sector. To this end, questionnaires were applied, with the case study being the stipulated methodological technique. The results of the first test demonstrated that, historically, most actions are exogenous to the sector and that the measures taken in each context also largely come from government measures. It is not possible to visualize joint strategies of sugarcane producers aimed at anticipating challenges or changes in the market, but they promoted the mitigation of problems when they reached the sector. For the second test, it was concluded that there was absolute and conditional convergence of productivity for all Brazilian regions, however, each region has a different convergence process, and the factors that promote this convergence are also different. Regarding the third specific objective, the results that demonstrated that the two plants have room for progress in terms of internal strategic alignment and the insertion of technologies stand out. Management is indicated as an influential factor in the failure of companies by both respondents, which corroborates other research already carried out. It also suggests that advances related to quality management, using appropriate strategies, can lead companies to long-term success. Based on the findings of the three essays, it is possible to conclude, responding to the general objective and confirming the research thesis, that productivity differences in Brazil are reducing, but public or private actions aimed at growth for the sector must consider regional differences. Furthermore, from a microeconomic point of view, it is confirmed that business management is central to the sustainability of sugarcane agro-industries. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese Wed, 08 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7332 2024-05-08T00:00:00Z