https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/600 Thu, 23 Apr 2026 13:47:01 GMT 2026-04-23T13:47:01Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7919 Title: Produção de monoglicerídeos e diglicerídeos a partir da reação de glicerólise catalisada por lipase imobilizada Autor: Finco, George Fernando Primeiro orientador: Palu, Fernando Abstract: The present work aimed to monitor the production of monoacylglycerols (MAG) and diacylglycerols (DAG) from olive oil, using Tween 80 as surfactant, butanol as co-surfactant and Lipozyme TL 100L enzyme as biocatalyst, immobilized on support Spectrogel type C to obtain emulsifying agents with higher added value. The stability of the micros that had stability to glycerolysis that presented greater efficiency of conversion of triacyllons (TAG) was carried out. The points for a glycerolysis were submitted to factorial planning 22. This methodology was adopted for the production of DAG, and these conversion factors of approximately 95% of TAG in MAG and DAG were found. In order to optimize the methodology, with the help of the Box-Behnken mathematical model, a mathematical model was elaborated with the planning results and a theoretical value of 97% of performance with the use of 7.95% (m/m) of enzyme at 35.97°C. For this, the theoretical and experimental points were reproduced, and the optimum point was obtained under the conditions of glycerol: oil molar ratio 2:1, 36ºC, 7.95% (m/m) of enzyme and in a reaction time of reaction 120 minutes, and a conversion efficiency of approximately 97% in MAG and DAG. The adsorption was optimized in the same enzymatic way as the glycerolysis conditions and used as optimal for the adsorption process, obtaining a theoretical maximum of 96 U g-1 of activity or practical 93 U g-1 of average value. Therefore, the experimental results had similar results when compared with theorical results, and such conditions were established in the conversion. Enzyme activity is also compatible with the same parameter, or increased by applying the theoretical point. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese Tue, 28 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7919 2023-03-28T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7869 Title: Microencapsulação de hidrolisado de fígado suíno Autor: Souza, Hellen Karoline Spricigo de Primeiro orientador: Silva, Edson Antonio da Abstract: This research, conducted in partnership with BRF S.A., aimed to evaluate the production of pork liver hydrolysates using different enzymes and different process times. The study also aimed to investigate the effects of hydrolysis on functional, bioactive, and rheological properties, as well as to evaluate microencapsulation using “spray drying” and freeze-drying with various encapsulating materials. Pork liver was hydrolyzed using the enzymes Alcalase® 2.4L, FoodPro® PXT, Pancreatin, and Pepsin for 5 hours, and the enzymatic kinetics were evaluated during this period. The enzymes Alcalase® 2.4L and FoodPro® PXT were selected, and a new kinetics study was conducted, evaluating the times of 1 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h and 12 h. The antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates was evaluated using the DPPH and ABTS methods. The effects of hydrolysis on the physicochemical properties, functional properties, antimicrobial activity, and rheological behavior of the hydrolysates produced with Alcalase® 2.4L and FoodPro® PXT at times of 1 h and 4 h time were also investigated. Regarding microencapsulation, the pork liver hydrolysate with Alcalase® 2.4L for 4 h was used along with different encapsulating materials (arabic gum, maltodextrin, whey protein, combination of whey protein with maltodextrin, xanthan gum, and soy protein isolate) and two encapsulation methods (“spray drying” and freeze-drying). The produced microcapsules were evaluated for morphology, particle diameter, water activity, FTIR spectra, thermal stability, gastrointestinal simulation, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity. The results showed that all the hydrolysates exhibited higher antioxidant activity compared to the fresh pork liver. In addition, low molecular weight peptides were identified in the hydrolysates, with high bioactive potential. The hydrolysates showed excellent foaming characteristics and water and fat retention capacity, but showed low emulsion stability, and the hydrolysates with the FoodPro® PXT enzyme showed low emulsion formation capacity. The hydrolysates also showed antimicrobial activity against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and the fungus Candida albicans. Regarding the rheological behavior, the pork liver exhibited pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluid behavior, while the hydrolysates with Alcalase® 2.4L enzyme showed non-Newtonian behavior with thixotropic properties, and the hydrolysates with FoodPro® PXT enzyme behaved as Newtonian fluids. In microencapsulation, it was observed that the particles produced by “spray drying” exhibited a spherical shape with varying sizes (0.4 – 37.6 μm), while the particles obtained by freeze-drying displayed a morphological appearance of brittle flakes with irregular sizes (0.4 – 39.7 μm). Thermogravimetric analyzes of the microcapsules showed good thermal stability. All microcapsules showed low water activity, being considered stable from a biological and chemical point of view. In the gastrointestinal simulation, the wall materials were adequate for the protection of antioxidant biopeptides, except for xanthan gum, which showed low efficiency. As for antimicrobial activity, the microcapsules produced with Gum Arabic, Soy Protein Isolate and Whey+Malto (only those produced in a lyophilizer) showed an inhibitory action against C. albicans and the microcapsules produced with Whey Protein, Whey+Malto and Soy Protein Isolate (only those produced in “spray drying”) showed inhibition for S. aureus. The results obtained for gastrointestinal simulation demonstrated that microencapsulation preserved the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the pork liver hydrolyzate, confirming its importance for the maintenance of biopeptides. Thus, microencapsulated pork liver hydrolyzate has high potential for industrial-scale applications in different segments, such as food, nutraceuticals and supplements. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese Mon, 26 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7869 2023-06-26T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7868 Title: Influência do teor de biodiesel no processo de degradação microbiana do óleo diesel e utilização de radiação ultravioleta como controle microbiológico Autor: Neves, Andressa Caroline Primeiro orientador: Silva, Edson Antonio da Abstract: Currently in Brazil the addition of biodiesel to diesel oil is 10%, with an increase to 15% already established. The mixture is possible due to its miscibility with diesel oil, which promotes environmental benefits, but the mixture becomes susceptible to degradation, where biodiesel contributes to water absorption, facilitating the contamination and proliferation of microorganisms. In view of this, this work aims to evaluate the influence of biodiesel content on the microbiological contamination of different blends of commercial diesel fuel B, and to verify the effect of ultraviolet radiation as a control method for the inactivation of microorganisms present. Samples of commercial diesel oil (B11) and pure biodiesel (B100) were collected, and blends with 25, 50, and 75% biodiesel contents were prepared and the influence of water content was evaluated at 1000 and 2500 ppm, values above the allowed by the legislation. After the blends preparation, the samples are stored for 10 days, characterized and after this period, taken to the ultraviolet radiation reactor, composed of a germicidal UVC lamp (55 W, 253 nm). The tests lasted 360 minutes, with collections every 60 minutes to perform the microbiological analysis and physicochemical analysis, before the process and after the 360 minutes. The microbiological characterization consisted of spectrophotometric quantification methods, Gram staining and molecular identification of the microorganisms. In the physical-chemical characterization of the fuel, the following analyses were performed: temperature, specific mass at 20° C, kinematic viscosity at 20° C, and water content. After the tests with ultraviolet radiation, the samples are stored for 10, 20 and 30 days, and at these times, aliquots are collected to perform the quantification of microorganisms, in order to verify the efficiency and time of action of ultraviolet radiation. The results showed that the initial storage period of 10 days favored the proliferation of microorganisms in some samples with added water. For the ultraviolet radiation tests, all samples had a reduction in the concentration of microorganisms above 50%, and the samples B11-C, B25-1000 and B50-C had a reduction percentage above 80%. It was possible to identify different microorganisms present in the diesel and biodiesel samples, such as: Solobacillus spp., Exiguobacterium scetylicum and Pantoea spp. For the physical-chemical properties evaluated, the addition of biodiesel and water promoted changes, but after the exposure period to ultraviolet radiation the values returned to those stipulated by the standardization. For the physical-chemical properties evaluated, the addition of biodiesel and water caused changes, but after the period of exposure to ultraviolet radiation the values returned to those stipulated by the standardization. For experimental storage of the fuel after exposure to ultraviolet radiation it was concluded that the action of radiation remains active for up to 10 days, and after this period it is necessary to perform the treatment again. With all the correlated data, it is concluded that the use of ultraviolet radiation was efficient to eliminate and/or reduce the load of microorganisms present in diesel oil and biodiesel. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese Fri, 03 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7868 2023-02-03T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7867 Title: Inovações tecnológicas para a industrialização distribuída e centralizada de resíduos orgânicos - Projeto DAI-CNPQ Autor: Saavedra Mendoza, Andy Avimael Primeiro orientador: Morejon, Camilo Freddy Mendoza Abstract: Organic waste from various sources often constitutes the largest fraction of the total waste composition and at the same time presents a significant potential for contamination. This characteristic is widely observed due to the intrinsic properties of these residues, which favor the proliferation of contaminating agents. It is therefore crucial to consider appropriate management and treatment measures to minimize the risks associated with these wastes. Although there are several technologies for the treatment of these residues, such as anaerobic digestion, composting, vermicomposting, dehydration and incineration, most of them have low potential for adding value, restrictions in the application on an artisanal scale and technological bottlenecks. These factors make it difficult to take full advantage of the great potential for using waste. In this context, for two processing scenarios (distributed and centralized), the general objective of this work was to develop processes with innovative technologies that allow the use of organic waste on an industrial scale, incorporating knowledge that facilitates the obtaining of innovative products with high added value. To this end, the methodology included carrying out 5 stages: 1) characterization of the source generating organic waste; 2) exploration of methods, processes and technologies for treating organic waste; 3) development and proposition of alternative processes and technologies for the differentiated industrialization of organic waste; 4) the assessment of intellectual protection requirements; and 5) the analysis and systematization of the results. The main results comprise: the diagnosis of the current scenario with an explanation of the segregated potential for organic waste generation in urban (ROU) and rural (ROR) areas (Ex. ROU in Brazil is 116,058.54 t.day-1, in Paraná 6,273 .24 t.day-1, Toledo 77.69 t.day-1); alternatives for the treatment of organic waste, on an industrial scale, based on distributed processing (applied in a municipality with 35,321 households) and centralized processing (in an industrial complex with a capacity of 189.49 t.day-1); three processes, with innovative characteristics, the first for the distributed treatment of organic waste (obtaining 5 products with added value), the second for the centralized treatment of organic waste (obtaining 25 products with high added value) and the third for obtaining liquid coelomic and worm carcasses (main transformation process); technologies, with innovative characteristics, based on the study of the operational conditions of the processes of transformation of organic residues (OR) constituted by a helical modular earthworm and technologies of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) to carry out the monitoring, control and processing of data for RO industrialization processes; and intellectual production in the form of articles, patents, computer programs, SCADA systems and industrial designs. The consequence of this will be the viability of 100% use of organic waste, in this case through the use of organic waste segregated at source. In this way, the technical elements are presented to promote the industrialization of organic waste in line with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese Fri, 12 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7867 2023-05-12T00:00:00Z