TEDE Collection:

Estratégias nutricionais na alimentação de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação

Thu, 02 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Estratégias nutricionais na alimentação de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação Autor: Losekann, Jean Carlos Smaniotto Primeiro orientador: Carvalho, Paulo Levi de Oliveira Abstract: Two experiments were conducted on with growing and finishing pigs. In the first experiment, the objective was to evaluate the effects of different levels of soluble protein in potassium hydroxide (PS-KOH) from soybean meal on performance, blood biochemical and hematological profiles, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), and features of carcass and meat quality. In the second experiment, the objective was to evaluate the supplementation of different blends of exogenous enzymes on performance, fecal consistency score, blood biochemical and hematological profiles, ATTD, and features of carcass and meat quality. Experiment I: 80 pigs (35.24 kg ± 2.09 kg) intact male hybrids (Landrace × Large White) were used for 88 days in 4 dietary treatments: diet with 75% PS-KOH of FS (FS75), diet with 77% PS-KOH of FS (FS77), diet with 80% PS-KOH of FS (FS80), diet with 85% PS-KOH of FS (FS85) in a randomized block design based on initial body weight, with 10 repetitions and 2 pigs per pen as the experimental unit. Finishing II pigs that consumed the FS75 and FS80 diets showed a higher (P=0.029) mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) than the FS85 diet. Growing II pigs that consumed the FS80 diet showed higher (P=0.005) digestible protein (DP) than those fed the FS75 or FS85 diets. In addition, digestible energy (DE) was higher (P=0.003) in the Growing II pigs fed the FS85 diet than those fed the FS75 or FS77 diets. The finishing pigs in phase II that consumed the FS85 diet had higher (P=0.019) DE than those on the FS77 diet. Animals fed the FS77 diet showed higher (P=0.036) carcass pH 24 hours after slaughter in the Longissimus thoracis muscle than the others. In conclusion, FS with values between 75% and 85% of PS-KOH are indicative of adequate thermal processing and do not harm growing and finishing pigs. Experiment II: A total of eighty entire male hybrid pigs (Landrace × Large White) (24.63 kg ± 0.61 kg) were used, assigned for 92 days to 4 dietary treatments: diet with 6-phytase, endo – 1,4 – β-xylanase (Xylanase), diet with 6-phytase, endo - 1,4 - β-xylanase, endo - 1,3 – β-glucanase (β-glucanase), diet with 6-phytase, endo – 1,4 – βxylanase, protease (Bacillus subtilis) (Protease), diet with 6-phytase, endo – 1,4 – β-xylanase, protease (Aspergillus niger), protease (Bacillus subtilis) (Two proteases), in a randomized block design based on initial body weight, with 10 repetitions and 2 pigs per pen as the experimental unit. The growth pigs phase III that consumed the diet with β-glucanase showed higher (P=0.006) final body weight (FBW) compared to the others. β-glucanase showed higher (P=0.006) daily weight gain (DWG) compared to xylanase, while the feed conversion (FC) for protease and β-glucanase was better (P=0.005) than that of xylanase. In finishing phase I, the diet with β-glucanase showed better (P=0.014) FC than the diet with protease. Pigs that consumed xylanase in finishing phases I and II combined had higher (P=0.047) DWG than those that consumed two proteases. In the growth phase III, pigs fed with β-glucanase had higher platelet count (PLT) (P=0.023) and procalcitonin (PCT) (P=0.028) than pigs that consumed two proteases. Overall, the ADG was higher (P < 0.05) for pigs in growth phase III that were fed with β-glucanase, while the finishing II pigs showed higher (P<0.05) ADG when consuming xylanase, compared to the protease and two proteases diets. The FCR was higher (P=0.015) in pigs fed diets containing protease and two proteases when compared to xylanase. Pigs that consumed diets containing xylanase and β-glucanase showed higher (P=0.004) drip loss (DL) compared to the diet with two proteases. In conclusion, supplementation with enzyme blends containing carbohydrases provided improvements in zootechnical performance and ADG of growing and finishing pigs, with the blend containing phytase, xylanase, and βglucanase was more effective for growing pigs, while the blend containing phytase and xylanase stood out for finishing pigs. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

Uso de biocolina (Fosfatidilcolina) e adsorvente de micotoxinas na dieta de bovinos

Thu, 24 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Uso de biocolina (Fosfatidilcolina) e adsorvente de micotoxinas na dieta de bovinos Autor: Kliemann, Ricardo Davi Primeiro orientador: Zambom, Maximiliane Alavarse Abstract: This study consists of two experiments. The first experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of phosphatidylcholine administration in the rumen or abomasum on the digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, as well as ruminal and blood parameters of cattle. Five Jersey castrated male animals with an average body weight of 829.6 ± 34.6 kg, fitted with a ruminal cannula and distributed in a 5x5 Latin square, were used. Five treatments were evaluated, one without the addition of phosphatidylcholine (control) and the others consisting of combinations of doses of 3 or 6 g/100 kg of body weight of phosphatidylcholine with the site of administration, either the rumen or the abomasum. The intake and total digestibility of dry matter and nutrients were evaluated. In ruminal fluid, pH and N-NH3 were evaluated, and the concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol in the blood. There was no difference in dry matter and nutrient intake between treatments. No significant differences were observed in digestibility. There were no differences in ruminal parameters, pH and N-NH3. Plasma glucose concentration was higher when phosphatidylcholine was administered into the rumen compared with administration into the abomasum, while cholesterol concentration was lower. The second experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of mycotoxin adsorbent use on endotoxin control in cattle fed a high-starch diet. Four Jersey cattle (806 ± 45 kg) with ruminal cannulas were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. The treatments consisted of four adsorbent inclusion levels: 0 g/kg BW (control); 20 mg/kg body weight (BW); 40 mg/kg BW and 80 mg/kg BW. Each experimental period lasted 21 days, of which, in the first seventeen days, the steers were fed a maintenance diet consisting of a roughage:concentrate (R:C) ratio of 80:20 on a dry basis without the adsorbent. From the 18th to the 21st day, the animals received the adsorbent and a challenge diet with a R:C ratio of 30:70. Blood, ruminal fluid, and feces were collected for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) evaluation. The dietary change resulting in acidosis caused an increase in the endotoxin concentration in all samples evaluated. The use of the adsorbent showed a tendency to reduce the endotoxin concentration in ruminal fluid samples; however, it did not change the endotoxin concentration in plasma or feces. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

Potencial forrageiro de gliricídia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud.) sob diferentes intervalos de corte e sua inclusão em dietas para frangos de corte

Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Potencial forrageiro de gliricídia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud.) sob diferentes intervalos de corte e sua inclusão em dietas para frangos de corte Autor: Silva, Haroldo Wilson da Primeiro orientador: Neres, Marcela Abbado Abstract: This research was conducted in two complementary trials. In the first trial, the objective was to evaluate the productivity and bromatological composition of gliricidia as a function of different cutting intervals, as well as to characterize its amino acid profile. Initially, the soil was previously prepared with a leveling harrow to uniform the terrain, and samples from the 0-20 cm depth layer were collected for chemical analysis before and after the crop cycle. The gliricidia crop was established from seedlings produced in a greenhouse, which, after sixty days under regular irrigation and subsequent acclimation to sunlight, were transplanted to the field. Planting was carried out in a dense regime, with a spacing of 1.0 m between rows and 0.5 m between plants, totaling 20,000 plants per hectare. At 150 days after planting, a uniformity cut was performed at 50 cm above the ground to standardize the stand, from which subsequent cuts, maintaining the same height, were carried out according to the intervals defined for each treatment. The research was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments consisted of four cutting intervals (45, 60, 75, and 90 days), with seven replications each, totaling 28 experimental units. The experimental unit was the plot, composed of three crop rows with 135 plants each. For the analyses, data from the three rows were summarized by the mean to represent the value of each plot, ensuring data independence for statistical analysis. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and when significant differences were detected (p<0.05), the treatment means were compared by Tukey's test. Polynomial regression analysis was also performed to evaluate the behavior of the variables as a function of the cutting intervals, selecting the best-fit model based on the coefficient of determination and the significance of the parameters. The trial on the impact of different cutting intervals (45, 60, 75, and 90 days) on the yield and nutritional quality of gliricidia revealed differences. In annual dry matter production, the 60-day interval recorded 233.34 kg, a value 14.6% higher than the 45-day interval (203.62 kg) and 18.3% higher than the 75-day interval (197.25 kg). Compared to the 60-day interval, the 90-day interval (184.40 kg) showed a reduction of 21.0%. Regarding the bromatological composition, the crude protein content decreased with increasing cutting interval: the 32.45% at 45 days reduced to 31.41% (-3.2%) at 60 days, 30.37% (-3.3% compared to the previous) at 75 days, and 28.60% (-5.8%) at 90 days, totaling an 11.9% reduction between the extremes. The total dry matter/crude protein ratio (kg/ha) at the 60-day interval (122.18 kg/ha) was 27.5% higher than the 45-day interval (95.85 kg/ha) and 28.1% higher than the 90-day interval (87.88 kg/ha). The analysis of total crude protein production per hectare (CP/ha), which synthesizes dry matter productivity and its protein content, confirms the superiority of the 60-day cutting interval. It is concluded, therefore, that the 60-day cutting interval was the most balanced, providing the highest dry matter yield and the best dry matter/total protein ratio per hectare. Although the crude protein content is maximized at shorter intervals (45 days), the sharp drop in overall productivity makes management at 60 days more advantageous when the goal is to optimize the joint production of matter and nutrients. In the second trial, the objective was to evaluate the effects of including gliricidia leaf meal in broiler diets on zootechnical performance, carcass characteristics, jejunal morphometry, short-chain fatty acids, and biochemical parameters. The gliricidia meal and flour were produced from leaves and tender stems harvested at four different cutting intervals (45, 60, 75, and 90 days), originating from the first trial of this thesis. For this trial, the cutting intervals did not influence the production of the two derivatives, since all material, after harvest and weighing, was homogenized before processing both products. The material was dried in a forced ventilation oven at 55°C for 72 hours and, in order to increase the protein content, the petioles were manually separated from the leaf blades during the production of the meal, since a previous analysis had proven that the petioles have a lower protein content compared to the leaf blades. Then, the meal was ground in a Willey-type mill with a 2 mm mesh sieve to produce the flour, intended for bird feed and to be subjected to chemical-bromatological and amino acid analysis. The research was conducted with 480 male broiler chickens, Ross lineage, in a completely randomized design, consisting of five levels of gliricidia meal inclusion (0%, 0.75%, 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5%), six replications, and 16 birds per experimental unit. Zootechnical performance parameters (weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio) were evaluated at 21 and 42 days of age. At the end of the experimental period (42 days), biological samples were collected for specific analyses: jejunal fragments for intestinal histomorphometry (villus height, crypt depth, and absorption area); cecal content for quantification of short-chain fatty acids; and blood for serum biochemical profile (metabolites and liver enzymes), analyzed by automatic spectrophotometry. At 42 days, carcass and cut yields were evaluated, as well as meat quality parameters pH (at 15 minutes and 24 hours post mortem), color (at 15 minutes and 24 hours post mortem), water holding capacity, cooking loss, shear force, and lipid oxidation by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (0, 30, and 90 days). The collected data were subjected to analysis of variance, with mean comparisons by Dunnett's test and polynomial regression analysis, adopting a significance level of 5%. The inclusion of gliricidia meal in broiler feed presents a dual dose-dependent effect, acting as a pharma-nutrient agent. In the initial phase (1 to 21 days), a reduction in feed intake was observed in treatments with 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% inclusion, with a minimum value of 863.04 g at the 4.5% level compared to 1182.80 g for the control. The 0.75% level (1142.17 g) did not differ from the control. Regarding weight gain, all inclusion levels resulted in values lower than the control (909.55 g), with the lowest value recorded at the 4.5% level (623.00 g). Feed conversion was worse at the 3% (1.376) and 4.5% (1.386) levels, while the other treatments remained equivalent to the control (1.301). In the total phase (1 to 42 days), a difference in feed intake was found at all experimental levels, including 0.75% (4383 g versus 4614 g for the control). Weight gain was lower in the group with 4.5% inclusion (2466 g versus 3127 g). Feed conversion was worse at the 1.5% level (1.501 versus 1.476 for the control). The productive efficiency index was lower in treatments with 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% (479, 436, and 404, respectively) compared to the control (524). Carcass yield was lower at the 3% (68.91%) and 4.5% (68.17%) levels, with no differences in the other evaluated parameters. No changes were observed in the values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, cooking loss, shear force, water holding capacity, pH, meat color, or cecal short-chain fatty acid concentration. A reduction in serum concentrations of uric acid (up to 3.11 mg/dL) and cholesterol (up to 100.83 mg/dL) was recorded in treatments with 3% and 4.5% inclusion, with no differences at the other levels compared to the control. At doses above 0.75%, its bioactive compounds impair zootechnical performance, although they promote metabolic benefits at higher levels (3% to 4.5%), without affecting meat quality or intestinal integrity. However, for commercial poultry farming, the production losses outweigh any metabolic advantages, making its use unfeasible at the tested levels. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

Análise do gerenciamento da produção de feno: diagnóstico e desenvolvimento de software especializado

Mon, 29 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Análise do gerenciamento da produção de feno: diagnóstico e desenvolvimento de software especializado Autor: Moraes, Fernanda Jacobus de Primeiro orientador: Neres, Marcela Abbado Abstract: The study aimed to diagnose the management practices of rural farms engaged in hay production, considering crop management practices, labor, infrastructure, productivity, and logistics, in order to identify challenges and opportunities that may enhance productive and economic efficiency. Based on the information collected, the development of a software tool was proposed, enabling producers to record production, inventory, stock, and sales data, thereby supporting efficient and digitized management. Data were obtained through a questionnaire applied to 55 producers, classified as smallholdings, small farms, or mediumsized farms, and evaluated across the thematic axes: crop management, labor, infrastructure, productivity, and logistics. Data analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis, Dunn, and Chi-square tests at a 5% significance level. Results indicated that hay utilization varied according to farm size: smallholdings prioritized internal use and the sale of surplus (56.5%), whereas medium-sized farms directed most of their production exclusively to commercialization (50%). Average labor use ranged from 3 workers in smallholdings and small farms to 4 in medium-sized farms. Smaller operations had lower storage capacity (36 t in smallholdings; 120 t in small farms; 396 t in medium farms) and reduced access to mechanization (4, 6, and 7 implements, respectively). The diagnostic assessment supported the development of a management software comprising modules for farm registration, production areas, productivity, stock, and commercialization. Its use will allow producers to estimate profit, manage inventories, and build historical records, offering a simple and effective technological tool to improve hay production management. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese