TEDE Collection:

Potencial forrageiro de gliricídia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud.) sob diferentes intervalos de corte e sua inclusão em dietas para frangos de corte

Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Potencial forrageiro de gliricídia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud.) sob diferentes intervalos de corte e sua inclusão em dietas para frangos de corte Autor: Silva, Haroldo Wilson da Primeiro orientador: Neres, Marcela Abbado Abstract: This research was conducted in two complementary trials. In the first trial, the objective was to evaluate the productivity and bromatological composition of gliricidia as a function of different cutting intervals, as well as to characterize its amino acid profile. Initially, the soil was previously prepared with a leveling harrow to uniform the terrain, and samples from the 0-20 cm depth layer were collected for chemical analysis before and after the crop cycle. The gliricidia crop was established from seedlings produced in a greenhouse, which, after sixty days under regular irrigation and subsequent acclimation to sunlight, were transplanted to the field. Planting was carried out in a dense regime, with a spacing of 1.0 m between rows and 0.5 m between plants, totaling 20,000 plants per hectare. At 150 days after planting, a uniformity cut was performed at 50 cm above the ground to standardize the stand, from which subsequent cuts, maintaining the same height, were carried out according to the intervals defined for each treatment. The research was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments consisted of four cutting intervals (45, 60, 75, and 90 days), with seven replications each, totaling 28 experimental units. The experimental unit was the plot, composed of three crop rows with 135 plants each. For the analyses, data from the three rows were summarized by the mean to represent the value of each plot, ensuring data independence for statistical analysis. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and when significant differences were detected (p<0.05), the treatment means were compared by Tukey's test. Polynomial regression analysis was also performed to evaluate the behavior of the variables as a function of the cutting intervals, selecting the best-fit model based on the coefficient of determination and the significance of the parameters. The trial on the impact of different cutting intervals (45, 60, 75, and 90 days) on the yield and nutritional quality of gliricidia revealed differences. In annual dry matter production, the 60-day interval recorded 233.34 kg, a value 14.6% higher than the 45-day interval (203.62 kg) and 18.3% higher than the 75-day interval (197.25 kg). Compared to the 60-day interval, the 90-day interval (184.40 kg) showed a reduction of 21.0%. Regarding the bromatological composition, the crude protein content decreased with increasing cutting interval: the 32.45% at 45 days reduced to 31.41% (-3.2%) at 60 days, 30.37% (-3.3% compared to the previous) at 75 days, and 28.60% (-5.8%) at 90 days, totaling an 11.9% reduction between the extremes. The total dry matter/crude protein ratio (kg/ha) at the 60-day interval (122.18 kg/ha) was 27.5% higher than the 45-day interval (95.85 kg/ha) and 28.1% higher than the 90-day interval (87.88 kg/ha). The analysis of total crude protein production per hectare (CP/ha), which synthesizes dry matter productivity and its protein content, confirms the superiority of the 60-day cutting interval. It is concluded, therefore, that the 60-day cutting interval was the most balanced, providing the highest dry matter yield and the best dry matter/total protein ratio per hectare. Although the crude protein content is maximized at shorter intervals (45 days), the sharp drop in overall productivity makes management at 60 days more advantageous when the goal is to optimize the joint production of matter and nutrients. In the second trial, the objective was to evaluate the effects of including gliricidia leaf meal in broiler diets on zootechnical performance, carcass characteristics, jejunal morphometry, short-chain fatty acids, and biochemical parameters. The gliricidia meal and flour were produced from leaves and tender stems harvested at four different cutting intervals (45, 60, 75, and 90 days), originating from the first trial of this thesis. For this trial, the cutting intervals did not influence the production of the two derivatives, since all material, after harvest and weighing, was homogenized before processing both products. The material was dried in a forced ventilation oven at 55°C for 72 hours and, in order to increase the protein content, the petioles were manually separated from the leaf blades during the production of the meal, since a previous analysis had proven that the petioles have a lower protein content compared to the leaf blades. Then, the meal was ground in a Willey-type mill with a 2 mm mesh sieve to produce the flour, intended for bird feed and to be subjected to chemical-bromatological and amino acid analysis. The research was conducted with 480 male broiler chickens, Ross lineage, in a completely randomized design, consisting of five levels of gliricidia meal inclusion (0%, 0.75%, 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5%), six replications, and 16 birds per experimental unit. Zootechnical performance parameters (weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio) were evaluated at 21 and 42 days of age. At the end of the experimental period (42 days), biological samples were collected for specific analyses: jejunal fragments for intestinal histomorphometry (villus height, crypt depth, and absorption area); cecal content for quantification of short-chain fatty acids; and blood for serum biochemical profile (metabolites and liver enzymes), analyzed by automatic spectrophotometry. At 42 days, carcass and cut yields were evaluated, as well as meat quality parameters pH (at 15 minutes and 24 hours post mortem), color (at 15 minutes and 24 hours post mortem), water holding capacity, cooking loss, shear force, and lipid oxidation by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (0, 30, and 90 days). The collected data were subjected to analysis of variance, with mean comparisons by Dunnett's test and polynomial regression analysis, adopting a significance level of 5%. The inclusion of gliricidia meal in broiler feed presents a dual dose-dependent effect, acting as a pharma-nutrient agent. In the initial phase (1 to 21 days), a reduction in feed intake was observed in treatments with 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% inclusion, with a minimum value of 863.04 g at the 4.5% level compared to 1182.80 g for the control. The 0.75% level (1142.17 g) did not differ from the control. Regarding weight gain, all inclusion levels resulted in values lower than the control (909.55 g), with the lowest value recorded at the 4.5% level (623.00 g). Feed conversion was worse at the 3% (1.376) and 4.5% (1.386) levels, while the other treatments remained equivalent to the control (1.301). In the total phase (1 to 42 days), a difference in feed intake was found at all experimental levels, including 0.75% (4383 g versus 4614 g for the control). Weight gain was lower in the group with 4.5% inclusion (2466 g versus 3127 g). Feed conversion was worse at the 1.5% level (1.501 versus 1.476 for the control). The productive efficiency index was lower in treatments with 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% (479, 436, and 404, respectively) compared to the control (524). Carcass yield was lower at the 3% (68.91%) and 4.5% (68.17%) levels, with no differences in the other evaluated parameters. No changes were observed in the values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, cooking loss, shear force, water holding capacity, pH, meat color, or cecal short-chain fatty acid concentration. A reduction in serum concentrations of uric acid (up to 3.11 mg/dL) and cholesterol (up to 100.83 mg/dL) was recorded in treatments with 3% and 4.5% inclusion, with no differences at the other levels compared to the control. At doses above 0.75%, its bioactive compounds impair zootechnical performance, although they promote metabolic benefits at higher levels (3% to 4.5%), without affecting meat quality or intestinal integrity. However, for commercial poultry farming, the production losses outweigh any metabolic advantages, making its use unfeasible at the tested levels. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

Análise do gerenciamento da produção de feno: diagnóstico e desenvolvimento de software especializado

Mon, 29 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Análise do gerenciamento da produção de feno: diagnóstico e desenvolvimento de software especializado Autor: Moraes, Fernanda Jacobus de Primeiro orientador: Neres, Marcela Abbado Abstract: The study aimed to diagnose the management practices of rural farms engaged in hay production, considering crop management practices, labor, infrastructure, productivity, and logistics, in order to identify challenges and opportunities that may enhance productive and economic efficiency. Based on the information collected, the development of a software tool was proposed, enabling producers to record production, inventory, stock, and sales data, thereby supporting efficient and digitized management. Data were obtained through a questionnaire applied to 55 producers, classified as smallholdings, small farms, or mediumsized farms, and evaluated across the thematic axes: crop management, labor, infrastructure, productivity, and logistics. Data analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis, Dunn, and Chi-square tests at a 5% significance level. Results indicated that hay utilization varied according to farm size: smallholdings prioritized internal use and the sale of surplus (56.5%), whereas medium-sized farms directed most of their production exclusively to commercialization (50%). Average labor use ranged from 3 workers in smallholdings and small farms to 4 in medium-sized farms. Smaller operations had lower storage capacity (36 t in smallholdings; 120 t in small farms; 396 t in medium farms) and reduced access to mechanization (4, 6, and 7 implements, respectively). The diagnostic assessment supported the development of a management software comprising modules for farm registration, production areas, productivity, stock, and commercialization. Its use will allow producers to estimate profit, manage inventories, and build historical records, offering a simple and effective technological tool to improve hay production management. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

Utilização de cultura de levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae em vacas durante período pré e pós-parto

Fri, 06 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Utilização de cultura de levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae em vacas durante período pré e pós-parto Autor: Simões, Gilberto Henrique Primeiro orientador: Zambom, Maximiliane Alavarse Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of including yeast culture in the diet of cows pre-partum and during lactation to improve productive performance and milk quality. A randomized block design was used, with 40 Holstein cows divided into two treatments (control and yeast culture) and fed with diets containing a forage:concentrate ratio according to their physiological stage. In the pre-partum and lactation period, dry matter intake (DMI), microbial synthesis, rumen pH and blood parameters were evaluated; during lactation, milk production, milk composition (fat, protein, lactose, total solids and non-fat solids), milk urea nitrogen (NUL) and somatic cell count (SCC) were evaluated. Cows supplemented with yeast showed greater milk production, with significant improvements in lactose and reduction in SCC, and without significant differences in fat, protein and total solids content in milk. The animals with yeast culture supplementation showed 2.03 kg/day in milk production, and the birth order obtained a total of 4.78 and 4.98 kg/day of milk from the multiparous compared to the primiparous, respectively. In the milk composition, animals with yeast culture had an effect (P < 0.05) with a higher level of lactose (0.113 g/100g) and lower SCC. When evaluating the order of delivery x treatment interaction, primiparous women (P < 0.05) obtained higher lactose (0.15 g/100g) and 160,037 less CCS, compared to multiparous women. Animals that consumed yeast culture showed a treatment effect (P < 0.05) for dry matter intake (DMI) with 1.07 kg higher and lower levels of β-hydrobutyrate (βhB) 0.21 mmol/L and pH rumen 0.11 units. Inclusion of yeast culture increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to 1.78 mg/dL and decreased gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels to 3.87 mg/dL. Regarding the treatment x phase interaction, there was an effect (P < 0.05) for βhB for lactating cows fed with yeast culture, showing an average of 0.45 mmol/L lower compared to animals in the control treatment. There were no effects of treatment or treatment x phase interaction (P > 0.05) regarding microbial synthesis. Lactation curve analysis demonstrated greater productive persistence and better mammary gland health in cows with the addition of yeast culture. It is concluded that supplementation with yeast culture is an effective strategy to optimize DMI, blood parameters, milk production and the health of lactating cows. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

Efeitos da suplementação de 1,25-Dihidroxicolecalciferol glicosídeo em frangos de corte provenientes de matrizes de diferentes idades suplementadas com o mesmo aditivo

Tue, 06 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Efeitos da suplementação de 1,25-Dihidroxicolecalciferol glicosídeo em frangos de corte provenientes de matrizes de diferentes idades suplementadas com o mesmo aditivo Autor: Andrade, Thiago dos Santos Primeiro orientador: Nunes, Ricardo Vianna Abstract: A total of 1,152 Ross 308 AP chicks were used in all trials, distributed in a 2 × 3 factorial design, considering 1,25(OH)₂D₃-G supplementation in breeder hens (0 or 100 mg/kg) and different supplementation levels in broilers (0, 50, and 100 mg/kg) up to 21 days of age. In Trial I (30-week-old breeders), intestinal histomorphometry and gene expression were evaluated at 21 days, while tibial dyschondroplasia was assessed at 42 days. Broilers from breeders supplemented with 100 mg/kg of 1,25(OH)₂D₃-G showed higher hatch weight, better feed conversion, improved intestinal histomorphometry, and higher carcass yield. However, this supplementation did not increase calcium and phosphorus deposition in the tibia, resulting in lower bone strength. In Trial II (46-week-old breeders), 1,25(OH)₂D₃-G supplementation in breeders led to heavier broilers at hatch and better bone health at 21 days, with higher calcium and phosphorus deposition and greater tibial breaking strength. Additionally, it increased the expression of calbindin D28K, interleukin 10 (IL-10), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in the jejunum. Broilers supplemented with 50 mg/kg had greater phosphorus deposition in the tibia, while those receiving 50 or 100 mg/kg showed higher IL-10 levels when derived from supplemented breeders. In Trial III (46-week-old breeders), supplementation of 1,25(OH)₂D₃-G in breeders resulted in broilers with higher hatch weight, increased villus height, greater absorption area, and a higher villus:crypt ratio in the jejunum at 42 days. These broilers also had lower serum calcium concentration, greater calcium and phosphorus deposition in the tibia, greater tibial breaking strength, and increased expression of calbindin D28K, IL-10, and IL-1β at 42 days of age when derived from breeders supplemented with 100 mg/kg. Furthermore, broiler supplementation with 100 mg/kg of 1,25(OH)₂D₃-G promoted greater weight gain and improved immune response at 42 days. In Trial IV (62-week-old breeders), supplementation with 1,25(OH)₂D₃-G resulted in broilers with higher hatch weight, better feed conversion, and increased levels of calbindin D28K, IL-10, and IL-1β at 21 days. In Trial V (62-week-old breeders), maternal supplementation with 100 mg/kg of 1,25(OH)₂D₃-G led to broilers with higher hatch weight, fewer tibial dyschondroplasia lesions, and increased expression of calbindin D28K, IL-10, and IL-1β at 42 days. Additionally, broilers supplemented with 100 mg/kg of 1,25(OH)₂D₃-G during the growth phase exhibited improved feed conversion, reduced crypt depth, increased villus height, larger absorption area, higher villus:crypt ratio, and increased expression of IL10 and IL-1β at 42 days. The interaction between breeder and broiler supplementation demonstrated that broilers from supplemented breeders had higher levels of alkaline phosphatase, IL-10, and IL-1β when also supplemented with 100 mg/kg of 1,25(OH)₂D₃-G at 42 days. In conclusion, 1,25(OH)₂D₃-G supplementation in breeders consistently resulted in heavier broilers at hatch. However, the effects on broiler growth varied depending on breeder age and supplementation levels during the growth phase. Therefore, while supplementation in breeders proved to be a viable strategy to enhance early broiler development, supplementation during the broiler growth phase should be carefully evaluated to determine its actual effectiveness and cost-benefit in production. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese