https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/575 Sat, 04 Jul 2026 00:20:45 GMT 2026-07-04T00:20:45Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8487 Title: Uso de biocolina (Fosfatidilcolina) e adsorvente de micotoxinas na dieta de bovinos Autor: Kliemann, Ricardo Davi Primeiro orientador: Zambom, Maximiliane Alavarse Abstract: This study consists of two experiments. The first experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of phosphatidylcholine administration in the rumen or abomasum on the digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, as well as ruminal and blood parameters of cattle. Five Jersey castrated male animals with an average body weight of 829.6 ± 34.6 kg, fitted with a ruminal cannula and distributed in a 5x5 Latin square, were used. Five treatments were evaluated, one without the addition of phosphatidylcholine (control) and the others consisting of combinations of doses of 3 or 6 g/100 kg of body weight of phosphatidylcholine with the site of administration, either the rumen or the abomasum. The intake and total digestibility of dry matter and nutrients were evaluated. In ruminal fluid, pH and N-NH3 were evaluated, and the concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol in the blood. There was no difference in dry matter and nutrient intake between treatments. No significant differences were observed in digestibility. There were no differences in ruminal parameters, pH and N-NH3. Plasma glucose concentration was higher when phosphatidylcholine was administered into the rumen compared with administration into the abomasum, while cholesterol concentration was lower. The second experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of mycotoxin adsorbent use on endotoxin control in cattle fed a high-starch diet. Four Jersey cattle (806 ± 45 kg) with ruminal cannulas were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. The treatments consisted of four adsorbent inclusion levels: 0 g/kg BW (control); 20 mg/kg body weight (BW); 40 mg/kg BW and 80 mg/kg BW. Each experimental period lasted 21 days, of which, in the first seventeen days, the steers were fed a maintenance diet consisting of a roughage:concentrate (R:C) ratio of 80:20 on a dry basis without the adsorbent. From the 18th to the 21st day, the animals received the adsorbent and a challenge diet with a R:C ratio of 30:70. Blood, ruminal fluid, and feces were collected for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) evaluation. The dietary change resulting in acidosis caused an increase in the endotoxin concentration in all samples evaluated. The use of the adsorbent showed a tendency to reduce the endotoxin concentration in ruminal fluid samples; however, it did not change the endotoxin concentration in plasma or feces. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese Thu, 24 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8487 2025-04-24T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8471 Title: β-mananase em dietas contendo grãos secos de destilaria de alta proteína para frangos de corte Autor: Casimiro, Lara Helena Primeiro orientador: Eyng, Cinthia Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of β-mannanase supplementation in diets containing high-protein dried distillers grains (HP-DDG) on performance, energy values, intestinal permeability, pancreatic enzyme and intestinal disaccharidase activities, serum biochemical parameters, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile of cecal contents in broiler chickens during the starter phase. A total of 72 one-day-old male Cobb 500® chicks were assigned to a completely randomized design with two treatments: diets containing 7.5% HPDDG, with or without β-mannanase. Performance was evaluated at 7 and 14 d. At the same periods, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), and metabolizability coefficients were determined. At 14 d, one bird per replicate was selected for blood collection for serum biochemical analysis, intestinal permeability assessment, SCFA (acetic and butyric acids) determination on cecal content, and pancreatic (amylase, lipase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin) and intestinal disaccharidase (maltase and sucrase) activity analyses. Data were subjected to analysis of variance after verification of residual normality by the Shapiro–Wilk test, adopting a 5% significance level. No differences (P>0.05) were observed between treatments for performance, energy values, intestinal permeability, enzyme activities, serum biochemical parameters, or SCFA profile. However, βmannanase supplementation resulted in a numerical increase of 53 kcal kg⁻¹ in AME. It is concluded that β-mannanase supplementation in diets containing HP-DDG does not affect performance or physiological parameters of broilers during the starter phase. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação Fri, 20 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8471 2026-02-20T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8395 Title: Farelo de semente de abacate desengordurado na dieta de frangos de corte Autor: Toniazzo , Gabrieli Primeiro orientador: Nunes , Ricardo Vianna Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate defatted avocado seed meal (DASM) in broiler diets. In Experiment I, the digestibility of DASM was assessed. For this purpose, 42 male Ross AP95 broilers, 10 days old, were distributed in a completely randomized design (CRD) with two treatments (reference diet – RD; and diet with 20% DASM – AD), seven replicates, and three birds per metabolic cage. After five days of adaptation and five days of total excreta collection, digestibility and metabolizability coefficients were determined. DASM had 87.77% dry matter (DM), 4.24% crude protein (CP), 15.96% crude fiber (CF), 19.26% acid detergent fiber (ADF), 26.93% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 10.63% lignin, and 38.54% starch, with gross energy (GE) of 3971 kcal/kg. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) was 1088.97 kcal/kg of DM, and the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) was 1070.20 kcal/kg of DM, with a metabolizability coefficient of 22.03%. Phenolic compounds such as catechin, epicatechin, phenolic acids, furan derivatives, and unsaturated fatty acids were identified. In Experiments II and III, the effects of DASM inclusion from 1 to 21 and from 1 to 42 days of age were evaluated. A total of 720 male Ross AP95 broilers were distributed in a CRD with five levels of DASM (0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0%), eight replicates, and 18 birds per experimental unit. The inclusion of DASM in the diets did not influence (P>0.05) feed intake, body weight, or broiler weight gain. However, feed conversion ratio showed linear and quadratic effects (P=0.0007). In the cecal content, acetic and propionic acid concentrations were not affected, whereas butyric acid increased linearly and quadratically (P=0.0001) with increasing DASM inclusion. Villus height, villus-to-crypt ratio, and absorption area were not affected (P>0.05), while crypt depth showed linear and quadratic responses (P=0.0060). Meat tenderness improved (P=0.0003) with increasing DASM inclusion, and cooking loss showed a quadratic effect (P=0.0012). The results indicate that DASM can be included in diets without compromising performance, health, or meat quality, and may contribute to increased production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and improved meat tenderness. At 42 days of age (Experiment III), DASM inclusion did not affect (P>0.05) bird performance. In the cecal content, linear and quadratic increases were observed in acetic acid (P=0.0009) and butyric acid (P=0.0001), while propionic acid remained unchanged (P=0.9397). In intestinal morphometry, villus height showed linear and quadratic effects (P=0.0010), crypt depth showed a quadratic effect (P=0.0337), villus-to-crypt ratio showed linear and quadratic effects (P=0.0084), and absorption area also showed a quadratic response (P=0.0021). Blood biochemical parameters were not affected (P>0.05). Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8395 2025-12-17T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8317 Title: Métodos de conservação e determinação de triptofano e serotonina em sangue por HPLC-FLD Autor: Markmann, Ryana Cristina Primeiro orientador: Valente, Ériton Egidio Lisboa Abstract: Tryptophan follows three metabolic pathways, including the serotonin pathway (5-HT), which acts in intestinal, immunological, endocrine, and metabolic processes, especially in ruminants. The detection of 5-HT in biological fluids is performed by chromatographic techniques, with HPLC-FLD being promising but still poorly established for blood fractions. As 5-HT is unstable and easily degraded, it requires antioxidants and controlled storage for reliable analysis. This study was conducted with the aim of developing a rapid and accurate methodology for storing and quantifying 5-HT together with tryptophan (TRP) using highperformance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) and evaluating temporal variations and variations in blood fractions. The analytical method was isocratic with fluorescence detection. The mobile phase was evaluated with 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer at different pH values (3.5, 4.0, 4.5) and methanol:buffer ratios (25:75, 20:80, 15:85). The stability of analytes in blood serum samples with different preservatives was evaluated for tryptophan and serotonin stability in blood serum samples. To analyze the temporal dynamics of serotonin in blood fractions, an experiment was conducted with six male Holstein cattle (436.8 ± 36.4 kg). Blood samples were collected at time points 0 (before feeding), 6, 12, and 18 hours after the first feeding. The mobile phase composed of 80% KH₂PO₄ buffer (pH 3.5) and 20% methanol showed the best results with excellent correlation for TRP (R² = 1.0000) and 5-HT (R² = 0.9997). The limits of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD) found were 14.54 pmol/mL and 4.80 pmol/mL for TRP and 12.27 pmol/mL and 4.058 pmol/mL for 5-HT. The recoveries obtained were 105% for TRP and 103% for 5-HT. Treatment of serum samples with HClO₄ and methanol (40%) resulted in better preservation of TRP and 5-HT stored at -20°C and -80°C for 56 days. Serum 5-HT levels remained stable throughout the day, while tryptophan levels fluctuated. The results demonstrate that the method developed is sensitive and reliable for the quantification of serotonin and tryptophan in biological matrices. The joint addition of HClO4 and methanol allows TRP and 5-HT stored at -80°C for at least 56 days. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação Fri, 15 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8317 2025-08-15T00:00:00Z