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Farinha de larvas da mosca soldado-negro (Hermetia illucens) na dieta de alevinos de Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen)

Mon, 15 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Farinha de larvas da mosca soldado-negro (Hermetia illucens) na dieta de alevinos de Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) Autor: Rossato, Katsciane Aparecida Primeiro orientador: Eyng, Cinthia Abstract: Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (BSLF) has stood out as an alternative ingredient in fish diets due to its high protein, lipid, and mineral content. However, there are still no studies with native Brazilian species, such as the jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). This thesis is structured in two chapters. Chapter I evaluates the zootechnical performance and body composition of jundiá fry fed diets containing levels of BSLF meal, and Chapter II verifies the effects of inclusion on the biochemical and hematological profile, as well as intestinal and hepatic histological alterations. For the collection of experimental data for both chapters, 240 fry (1.94 ± 0.02 g) were used, distributed in a water recirculation system with 20 experimental units, with individual oxygenation, interconnected to each other and to a mechanical filter and a biological filter. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments (diets with 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%, and 6.0% inclusion of BSLF) and four replicates. The fish were fed for 87 days. To evaluate the productive performance of the animals, at the end of the experiment all animals were fasted for 24 hours, anesthetized, weighed, and measured. Five animals from each experimental unit were then used to determine body composition (moisture, protein, ether extract, and mineral matter). Blood biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters were also evaluated in the same fish. The results were subjected to analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA), followed by Tukey's multiple mean comparison test, with a probability level of 5%. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the inclusion of 3% BSLF provided greater final weight, weight gain, daily weight gain, body size, better condition factor and specific growth rate, as well as a higher hepatosomatic index (P<0.05), compared to fish that received the diet without the inclusion of the flour and those that received the diet containing the highest level of inclusion, equaling the other treatments. The parameters of feed conversion, feed efficiency and survival were not influenced (P>0.05) by the inclusion of BSLF in the fish diet, as well as the body chemical composition. Therefore, the inclusion of up to 3% BSLF as an alternative ingredient in the formulation of diets for jundiá fry is recommended. Regarding the biochemical and hematological profile of the animals' blood, the results obtained showed that the inclusion of BSLF flour does not alter the analyzed parameters, indicating stability in the evaluated indices (P>0.05). In the histological evaluation, the length of the intestinal villi remained stable between treatments, suggesting an absence of morphofunctional impairments. Regarding the liver, mild to moderate alterations were observed, including fatty degeneration and discrete nonspecific inflammatory infiltrates. Therefore, the inclusion of up to 6% black soldier fly larvae meal in the diet of jundiá fry proved to be safe, not compromising the metabolic, hematological health or histological integrity of the species. In general, the inclusion of up to 3% of BSLF in the diets of jundiá fry is recommended for better productive performance, guaranteeing the metabolic, hematological health and intestinal histological integrity of the species. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

Extrato de Macleya cordata na dieta de frangos de corte desafiados por Eimeria spp.

Fri, 14 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Extrato de Macleya cordata na dieta de frangos de corte desafiados por Eimeria spp. Autor: Oliveira, Jamile Maria de Primeiro orientador: Eyng, Cinthia Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a phytogenic additive extracted from Macleaya cordata in the diets of broiler chickens subjected to a vaccination challenge against Eimeria spp. (a dose 20 times higher than the recommended at 14 days of age), on zootechnical performance, intestinal morphometry, intestinal lesion scores, histopathological changes, intestinal permeability, energy and nutrient digestibility, carcass and cut yields, and immune system parameters. A total of 800 one-day-old male chicks were allotted in a completely randomized design with five treatments and eight replicates. The treatments consisted of a diet without additive and without challenge; a diet without additive and with challenge; and three diets with inclusion levels of the additive (50, 100, and 150 g ton⁻¹ of feed) in challenged birds. At 19 days of age, three birds per replicate were euthanized for measurement of morphometry, lesion score, histopathology, intestinal permeability, determination of serum cytokine and immunoglobulin A levels, and digestibility of digesta. At 42 days of age, two birds per replicate were euthanized for evaluation of carcass and cut yields. Parametric data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test, and nonparametric data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test, considering significant differences at P < 0.05. Over the entire experimental period, there were no differences in zootechnical performance (P > 0.05) among the challenged treatments. The nonchallenged birds showed greater (P < 0.05) weight gain compared with the challenged birds that consumed 150 g ton⁻¹ of the additive. For intestinal permeability, non-challenged birds showed lower permeability (P < 0.05), differing from birds that consumed 50 and 100 g ton⁻¹ of the additive. Non-challenged birds had higher digestible protein content (P = 0.0001). For lesion scores in the duodenum, the non-challenged birds and birds from the treatments with 50 and 100 g ton⁻¹ of the additive had lower mean lesion scores (P = 0.0001). In the jejunum, birds receiving 150 g ton⁻¹ of the additive did not present grade-2 lesions (P = 0.0001). In the ileum, birds receiving 100 g ton⁻¹ of the additive showed grade‑3 lesions (P = 0.0001). In the histopathological analysis, non‑challenged birds showed (P < 0.05) lower thickness and less inflammatory infiltration in the lamina propria. Birds that received 150 g ton⁻¹ of the additive showed greater enterocyte proliferation (P = 0.016) compared with birds that received 50 g ton⁻¹, and a lower presence of goblet cells (P = 0.0001) compared with the other treatments. Furthermore, birds that received 50 g ton⁻¹ of the extract in the feed showed greater congestion (P = 0.0001) compared with birds in the negative and positive control treatments. Non‑challenged birds showed a lower total histopathological score compared with challenged birds (P < 0.05). No differences (P > 0.05) were observed for the remaining evaluated parameters. It is concluded that the inclusion of up to 150 g ton⁻¹ of the additive in the diet of broiler chickens subjected to a challenge by Eimeria spp. does not alter performance, intestinal morphometry, or carcass yield. Inclusion of up to 100 g ton⁻¹ of the additive improves lesion scores in the duodenal segment, whereas the dose of 150 g ton⁻¹ of the additive confers an intestinal epithelium that is less susceptible to damage caused by Eimeria spp. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

Estratégias nutricionais na alimentação de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação

Thu, 02 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Estratégias nutricionais na alimentação de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação Autor: Losekann, Jean Carlos Smaniotto Primeiro orientador: Carvalho, Paulo Levi de Oliveira Abstract: Two experiments were conducted on with growing and finishing pigs. In the first experiment, the objective was to evaluate the effects of different levels of soluble protein in potassium hydroxide (PS-KOH) from soybean meal on performance, blood biochemical and hematological profiles, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), and features of carcass and meat quality. In the second experiment, the objective was to evaluate the supplementation of different blends of exogenous enzymes on performance, fecal consistency score, blood biochemical and hematological profiles, ATTD, and features of carcass and meat quality. Experiment I: 80 pigs (35.24 kg ± 2.09 kg) intact male hybrids (Landrace × Large White) were used for 88 days in 4 dietary treatments: diet with 75% PS-KOH of FS (FS75), diet with 77% PS-KOH of FS (FS77), diet with 80% PS-KOH of FS (FS80), diet with 85% PS-KOH of FS (FS85) in a randomized block design based on initial body weight, with 10 repetitions and 2 pigs per pen as the experimental unit. Finishing II pigs that consumed the FS75 and FS80 diets showed a higher (P=0.029) mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) than the FS85 diet. Growing II pigs that consumed the FS80 diet showed higher (P=0.005) digestible protein (DP) than those fed the FS75 or FS85 diets. In addition, digestible energy (DE) was higher (P=0.003) in the Growing II pigs fed the FS85 diet than those fed the FS75 or FS77 diets. The finishing pigs in phase II that consumed the FS85 diet had higher (P=0.019) DE than those on the FS77 diet. Animals fed the FS77 diet showed higher (P=0.036) carcass pH 24 hours after slaughter in the Longissimus thoracis muscle than the others. In conclusion, FS with values between 75% and 85% of PS-KOH are indicative of adequate thermal processing and do not harm growing and finishing pigs. Experiment II: A total of eighty entire male hybrid pigs (Landrace × Large White) (24.63 kg ± 0.61 kg) were used, assigned for 92 days to 4 dietary treatments: diet with 6-phytase, endo – 1,4 – β-xylanase (Xylanase), diet with 6-phytase, endo - 1,4 - β-xylanase, endo - 1,3 – β-glucanase (β-glucanase), diet with 6-phytase, endo – 1,4 – βxylanase, protease (Bacillus subtilis) (Protease), diet with 6-phytase, endo – 1,4 – β-xylanase, protease (Aspergillus niger), protease (Bacillus subtilis) (Two proteases), in a randomized block design based on initial body weight, with 10 repetitions and 2 pigs per pen as the experimental unit. The growth pigs phase III that consumed the diet with β-glucanase showed higher (P=0.006) final body weight (FBW) compared to the others. β-glucanase showed higher (P=0.006) daily weight gain (DWG) compared to xylanase, while the feed conversion (FC) for protease and β-glucanase was better (P=0.005) than that of xylanase. In finishing phase I, the diet with β-glucanase showed better (P=0.014) FC than the diet with protease. Pigs that consumed xylanase in finishing phases I and II combined had higher (P=0.047) DWG than those that consumed two proteases. In the growth phase III, pigs fed with β-glucanase had higher platelet count (PLT) (P=0.023) and procalcitonin (PCT) (P=0.028) than pigs that consumed two proteases. Overall, the ADG was higher (P < 0.05) for pigs in growth phase III that were fed with β-glucanase, while the finishing II pigs showed higher (P<0.05) ADG when consuming xylanase, compared to the protease and two proteases diets. The FCR was higher (P=0.015) in pigs fed diets containing protease and two proteases when compared to xylanase. Pigs that consumed diets containing xylanase and β-glucanase showed higher (P=0.004) drip loss (DL) compared to the diet with two proteases. In conclusion, supplementation with enzyme blends containing carbohydrases provided improvements in zootechnical performance and ADG of growing and finishing pigs, with the blend containing phytase, xylanase, and βglucanase was more effective for growing pigs, while the blend containing phytase and xylanase stood out for finishing pigs. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

Uso de biocolina (Fosfatidilcolina) e adsorvente de micotoxinas na dieta de bovinos

Thu, 24 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Uso de biocolina (Fosfatidilcolina) e adsorvente de micotoxinas na dieta de bovinos Autor: Kliemann, Ricardo Davi Primeiro orientador: Zambom, Maximiliane Alavarse Abstract: This study consists of two experiments. The first experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of phosphatidylcholine administration in the rumen or abomasum on the digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, as well as ruminal and blood parameters of cattle. Five Jersey castrated male animals with an average body weight of 829.6 ± 34.6 kg, fitted with a ruminal cannula and distributed in a 5x5 Latin square, were used. Five treatments were evaluated, one without the addition of phosphatidylcholine (control) and the others consisting of combinations of doses of 3 or 6 g/100 kg of body weight of phosphatidylcholine with the site of administration, either the rumen or the abomasum. The intake and total digestibility of dry matter and nutrients were evaluated. In ruminal fluid, pH and N-NH3 were evaluated, and the concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol in the blood. There was no difference in dry matter and nutrient intake between treatments. No significant differences were observed in digestibility. There were no differences in ruminal parameters, pH and N-NH3. Plasma glucose concentration was higher when phosphatidylcholine was administered into the rumen compared with administration into the abomasum, while cholesterol concentration was lower. The second experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of mycotoxin adsorbent use on endotoxin control in cattle fed a high-starch diet. Four Jersey cattle (806 ± 45 kg) with ruminal cannulas were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. The treatments consisted of four adsorbent inclusion levels: 0 g/kg BW (control); 20 mg/kg body weight (BW); 40 mg/kg BW and 80 mg/kg BW. Each experimental period lasted 21 days, of which, in the first seventeen days, the steers were fed a maintenance diet consisting of a roughage:concentrate (R:C) ratio of 80:20 on a dry basis without the adsorbent. From the 18th to the 21st day, the animals received the adsorbent and a challenge diet with a R:C ratio of 30:70. Blood, ruminal fluid, and feces were collected for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) evaluation. The dietary change resulting in acidosis caused an increase in the endotoxin concentration in all samples evaluated. The use of the adsorbent showed a tendency to reduce the endotoxin concentration in ruminal fluid samples; however, it did not change the endotoxin concentration in plasma or feces. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese