https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/569 Fri, 03 Jul 2026 22:57:20 GMT 2026-07-03T22:57:20Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8487 Title: Uso de biocolina (Fosfatidilcolina) e adsorvente de micotoxinas na dieta de bovinos Autor: Kliemann, Ricardo Davi Primeiro orientador: Zambom, Maximiliane Alavarse Abstract: This study consists of two experiments. The first experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of phosphatidylcholine administration in the rumen or abomasum on the digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, as well as ruminal and blood parameters of cattle. Five Jersey castrated male animals with an average body weight of 829.6 ± 34.6 kg, fitted with a ruminal cannula and distributed in a 5x5 Latin square, were used. Five treatments were evaluated, one without the addition of phosphatidylcholine (control) and the others consisting of combinations of doses of 3 or 6 g/100 kg of body weight of phosphatidylcholine with the site of administration, either the rumen or the abomasum. The intake and total digestibility of dry matter and nutrients were evaluated. In ruminal fluid, pH and N-NH3 were evaluated, and the concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol in the blood. There was no difference in dry matter and nutrient intake between treatments. No significant differences were observed in digestibility. There were no differences in ruminal parameters, pH and N-NH3. Plasma glucose concentration was higher when phosphatidylcholine was administered into the rumen compared with administration into the abomasum, while cholesterol concentration was lower. The second experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of mycotoxin adsorbent use on endotoxin control in cattle fed a high-starch diet. Four Jersey cattle (806 ± 45 kg) with ruminal cannulas were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. The treatments consisted of four adsorbent inclusion levels: 0 g/kg BW (control); 20 mg/kg body weight (BW); 40 mg/kg BW and 80 mg/kg BW. Each experimental period lasted 21 days, of which, in the first seventeen days, the steers were fed a maintenance diet consisting of a roughage:concentrate (R:C) ratio of 80:20 on a dry basis without the adsorbent. From the 18th to the 21st day, the animals received the adsorbent and a challenge diet with a R:C ratio of 30:70. Blood, ruminal fluid, and feces were collected for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) evaluation. The dietary change resulting in acidosis caused an increase in the endotoxin concentration in all samples evaluated. The use of the adsorbent showed a tendency to reduce the endotoxin concentration in ruminal fluid samples; however, it did not change the endotoxin concentration in plasma or feces. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese Thu, 24 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8487 2025-04-24T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8476 Title: Correlação entre enzimas microbianas no solo e comunidade de nematoides em sistemas de plantio direto orgânico Autor: Maquivatihe, Nordino Francisco Primeiro orientador: Stangarlin, José Renato Abstract: The sustainability of organic agricultural systems is intrinsically linked to soil biological quality. This study aimed to relate the structure of free-living nematode communities with the activity of microbial enzymes (β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and arylsulfatase) in a no-till organic system under seven different crop rotations, seeking to identify integrated indicators of soil quality. Twenty composite soil samples (0-10 cm) were collected in an experimental area. Nematodes were quantified and identified, ecological indices (diversity, maturity, trophic ratios) were calculated, and the activity of the three enzymes was determined. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, geostatistics (kriging), principal component analysis (PCA), and clustering. Results revealed high spatial variability in nematode abundance, with dominance of bacterivore groups (56.5%) and a decreasing gradient of diversity and maturity among plots. Enzymatic activities showed independent spatial patterns, with higher values associated with more diversified rotations. PCA and cluster analysis successfully integrated both datasets, identifying five distinct ecological profiles that combine specific nematode signatures with enzymatic activities. Kriging of the principal components allowed the spatial visualization of these patterns. In conclusion, the nematode community and enzymatic activity are sensitive and complementary bioindicators. Their integrated assessment provides a robust tool for diagnosing soil health and biological quality in sustainable agricultural systems, being strongly influenced by the diversification of crop rotations. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação Thu, 26 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8476 2026-02-26T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8471 Title: β-mananase em dietas contendo grãos secos de destilaria de alta proteína para frangos de corte Autor: Casimiro, Lara Helena Primeiro orientador: Eyng, Cinthia Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of β-mannanase supplementation in diets containing high-protein dried distillers grains (HP-DDG) on performance, energy values, intestinal permeability, pancreatic enzyme and intestinal disaccharidase activities, serum biochemical parameters, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile of cecal contents in broiler chickens during the starter phase. A total of 72 one-day-old male Cobb 500® chicks were assigned to a completely randomized design with two treatments: diets containing 7.5% HPDDG, with or without β-mannanase. Performance was evaluated at 7 and 14 d. At the same periods, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), and metabolizability coefficients were determined. At 14 d, one bird per replicate was selected for blood collection for serum biochemical analysis, intestinal permeability assessment, SCFA (acetic and butyric acids) determination on cecal content, and pancreatic (amylase, lipase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin) and intestinal disaccharidase (maltase and sucrase) activity analyses. Data were subjected to analysis of variance after verification of residual normality by the Shapiro–Wilk test, adopting a 5% significance level. No differences (P>0.05) were observed between treatments for performance, energy values, intestinal permeability, enzyme activities, serum biochemical parameters, or SCFA profile. However, βmannanase supplementation resulted in a numerical increase of 53 kcal kg⁻¹ in AME. It is concluded that β-mannanase supplementation in diets containing HP-DDG does not affect performance or physiological parameters of broilers during the starter phase. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação Fri, 20 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8471 2026-02-20T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8462 Title: Bioinsumos na produção de mudas de oliveira: efeitos no enraizamento de estacas e no desenvolvimento em viveiro Autor: Vargas, Rodrigo José de Primeiro orientador: Villa, Fabíola Abstract: The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is predominantly propagated by cuttings, conventionally using indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) to induce rooting and sand as a substrate. The application of bioinputs based on plant growth-promoting microorganisms represents a potential alternative for improving rooting efficiency. This study was conducted to evaluate, in two experiments, the rooting capacity of olive cultivars using microbial biostimulants and the effect of different biostimulants on seedling development during the nursery phase. The first experiment, focused on cutting rooting, was carried out in October using four olive cultivars: Arbequina, Maria da Fé, Ascolano 315, and Koroneiki. Cuttings were prepared and placed in masonry beds containing sand as substrate under controlled humidity and temperature conditions. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 6 × 4 factorial scheme (six biostimulants × four cultivars), with four replications and 25 cuttings per replication, totaling 100 cuttings per treatment. In addition to the control treatment (T1, IBA only), treatments consisted of biostimulants associated with IBA, including three Bacillus species: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (T2), Bacillus licheniformis (T3), Bacillus subtilis (T4), Trichoderma harzianum (T5), and the commercial rooting product Bioraiz® (T6), all applied in liquid form to the substrate. Solutions were prepared according to the manufacturers’ recommendations, with a final volume of 3000 mL per treatment. Evaluations included rooting percentage, callus formation, and root system characteristics. The results indicated that the application of biostimulants enhanced rooting, with responses varying among cultivars. Increased rooting percentages were observed in the cultivars Maria da Fé, Ascolano 315, and Arbequina when treated with Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus spp. Callus formation, particularly in Arbequina, was greater in the presence of Trichoderma harzianum, suggesting that this microorganism induces physiological processes related to rhizogenesis and improves root emission. The second experiment was conducted using olive seedlings approximately one year old, derived from the rooting phase and maintained under 70% shading. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme (cultivars × biostimulants), with three replications per treatment and two plants per replication. Plant height, stem diameter, and SPAD index were measured monthly over four months. Destructive analyses were performed to determine fresh and dry biomass of shoots and roots. The results demonstrated that seedling responses to biostimulants depended on genotype and the type of product applied, indicating interaction between cultivar and treatment. The use of seaweed extract proved promising for cultivars such as Ascolano 315, promoting greater initial growth and root system expansion. The use of microbial bioinputs can contribute to improved rooting of cuttings and enhanced growth of olive seedlings under nursery conditions. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese Thu, 26 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8462 2026-03-26T00:00:00Z