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Frequência alimentar, nível de atividade, perfil hormonal e perfil oxidativo sistêmico em mulheres pré-menopáusicas

Fri, 05 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Frequência alimentar, nível de atividade, perfil hormonal e perfil oxidativo sistêmico em mulheres pré-menopáusicas Autor: Ebert, Isabela Santos Primeiro orientador: Kawassaki, Aedra Carla Bufalo Abstract: Women’s reproductive phases involve physiological changes influenced by hormonal, behavioral, and environmental factors. In the premenopausal period, although menstrual cycles remain regular, inadequate lifestyle habits may contribute to early metabolic changes, hormonal imbalance, and increased oxidative stress. Therefore, investigating the relationship between diet, physical activity, and hormonal status during this stage can support preventive strategies and health promotion throughout aging. This study aimed to characterize premenopausal women living in Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil, and analyze the relationship between dietary habits, physical activity level, hormonal profile, and systemic oxidative stress indicators. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 49 women aged 25 to 54 years. Sociodemographic and dietary data were obtained using structured questionnaires, including a food frequency questionnaire with classification into seven food groups. Physical activity practice was categorized into three intensity levels based on frequency, duration, and type of exercise. Peripheral blood was collected to measure estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone levels and to assess systemic oxidative stress through plasma total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation. Data were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric statistical tests, and a significance level of p<0.05 was adopted. A significant association was found between physical activity level, presence of comorbidities, and continuous medication use, indicating that more active women tend to present better overall health status. Dietary patterns were predominantly intermediate across all food groups analyzed, suggesting room for improvement in nutritional quality. Although biochemical analyses did not show statistically significant differences in hormone concentrations or oxidative stress markers between physical activity levels, a favorable trend was observed among physically active participants. These results indicate that healthy lifestyle behaviors may contribute to better metabolic and reproductive balance during premenopause, reinforcing the importance of encouraging preventive actions beginning in early adulthood. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Impacto de um programa remoto de dieta com baixo teor de carboidratos no manejo do diabetes tipo 2: achados de um ensaio clínico randomizado na atenção primária brasileira

Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Impacto de um programa remoto de dieta com baixo teor de carboidratos no manejo do diabetes tipo 2: achados de um ensaio clínico randomizado na atenção primária brasileira Autor: Balbinot, Gisely Sanagiotto Primeiro orientador: Vicentini, Geraldo Emílio Abstract: The difficulty of nutritional management and the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in primary health care in Brazil highlight the need for innovative strategies based on nutritional education. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an online educational intervention based on a low-carbohydrate diet for adults with T2DM, compared with conventional primary care management. This 16-week parallel randomized clinical trial included 58 non-insulin users (mean age 61 ± 11.3 years; baseline HbA1c 8.3 ± 1.3%) allocated to an Intervention Group (IG, n = 29) or Control Group (CG, n = 29). After 16 weeks, the IG showed significant reductions in HbA1c (−0.91 ± 0.16%; p < 0.001), fasting glucose (−26.2 ± 1.1 mg/dL; p = 0.0004), body weight (−4.35 ± 1.6 kg; p < 0.001), and BMI (−1.63 ± 0.8 kg/m²; p < 0.001). In contrast, the CG exhibited increases in fasting glucose (+18.6 ± 3.1 mg/dL; p = 0.019), body weight (+2.53 ± 1.3 kg; p = 0.0002), and BMI (+0.96 ± 0.5 kg/m²; p = 0.0002), with no significant HbA1c change (+0.25 ± 0.04%; p = 0.304). Between-group comparisons favored the IG (p < 0.001), with net differences of 1.17% in HbA1c and 27.5% in fasting glucose. Additionally, 31% of IG participants achieved HbA1c ≤ 6.5%, whereas none of the CG participants achieved the HbA1c target. Use of oral antidiabetic medication decreased significantly in the intervention group; notably, this reduction was not observed in the control group (44.8% vs. 0%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the online nutritional education intervention based on a low-carbohydrate diet effectively improved glycemic control, reduced body weight, and lowered medication requirements. Remote monitoring represents a scalable and promising approach for managing T2DM, enhancing adherence, expanding access to care, and reducing disease complications and healthcare system costs. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Dinâmica pluvial na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Chapecó: influência do El Niño oscilação sul nas áreas de risco de enchente/inundação (1975-2021)

Mon, 25 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Dinâmica pluvial na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Chapecó: influência do El Niño oscilação sul nas áreas de risco de enchente/inundação (1975-2021) Autor: Borges, Anderson Primeiro orientador: Pontelli, Marga Eliz Abstract: The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a worldwide phenomenon, and, in Brazil, it has distinct characteristics in each region. In the South of the country, this weather pattern causes an increase (El Niño) or reduction (La Niña) in annual precipitation totals. Therefore, it is possible to relate this increase in the amount of precipitation to episodes of floods and inundations that have occurred over the years in the region. Several authors have already studied the relationship between ENSO and inundation episodes. However, in western Santa Catarina, these studies are still scarce. To expand the studies on this theme, the spatial focus of this research is the hydrographic basin of the Chapecó River (BHRC), which for decades has accumulated social and economic losses with hydrological events. BHRC is found on the Araucaria plateau, more specifically in the Midwest of Santa Catarina. The Chapecó River is 248 km long, draining an area of 8,190 km², passing through 30 municipalities. These municipalities are considered small, mostly with less than 10 thousand inhabitants. The period of the research is from 1975 to 2021, with the goal of obtaining a significant series, with more than 30 years and with as few flaws as possible. Based on the above, this research aims to characterize the rainfall regime in the BHRC and show variations in the areas of flood/inundation risk in ENSO years. The specific objectives are: (i) to characterize (qualitatively and quantitatively) the rainfall regime; (ii) identify the time of recurrence of extreme precipitation events; (iii) map the areas at risk of flooding/inundation; and (iv) prepare risk maps for the most affected municipalities. The text is divided into five chapters. The first consists of the bibliographic reference on the research theme, looking to define the main concepts. The second includes the methodological assumptions of the research. The third addresses the area of study, presenting physical aspects. The fourth includes the characterization of the rainfall regime (total annual and monthly), the statistical parameters, the classification of standard years, and the time of recurrence of extreme events (five-day period). Finally, in the fifth chapter, information about the fieldwork and the identification of flood/inundation risk areas in the municipalities of Coronel Freitas, Nova Itaberaba, Águas de Chapecó, Saudades, Modelo, and Quilombo are presented. The BHRC showed great variability of rainfall over the years. Wetter periods coincide with El Niño, while dry years are generally unrelated to La Niña. Thus, there is a pattern of precipitation in moderate and strong El Niño episodes, but not in the dry periods linked to La Niña. The largest precipitation events (major floods) had a recurrence time of more than 20 years, reaching up to 127 years in the rainfall season of Saudades, in the event of July 1983. The identification of risk areas was based on the mapping conducted by CPRM, after the floods of 2014 and 2015. In the municipalities of Coronel Freitas, Saudades, Nova Itaberaba and Águas de Chapecó, the risk areas pointed out in the thesis are similar to the respective mapping. However, in the municipalities of Modelo and Quilombo, the research found risk areas greater than those presented in the CPRM mapping, which was confirmed by recent hydrometeorological events (between 2020 and 2023) in the respective municipalities. ENSO events result in a negligible increase in flood/inundation risk areas. It is noted that, in episodes of strong El Niño, the probability of hydrometeorological disasters increases, given the excess of rainfall in these years, forming the necessary conditions for such events. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

Dinâmica dos processos de coluvionamento no semiárido de Alagoas - Maciços De Água Branca e Mata Grande

Thu, 21 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Dinâmica dos processos de coluvionamento no semiárido de Alagoas - Maciços De Água Branca e Mata Grande Autor: Silva, Adelaine Firmino da Primeiro orientador: Paisani, Julio Cesar Abstract: The main objective of this research was to verify the depositional dynamics of colluvial deposits in a modeled colluvial slope/colluvium ramp containing a diversity of lithologies between mud and gravel in a semi-arid climate regime. Specifically, it was sought: a) to determine the macro geomorphological context of occurrence of slope deposits with potential for procedural analysis contained in the study area; b) to correlate macrofacies with microfacies; c) to infer the properties of depositional agents of colluvial units according to their facies; d) to provide classification of colluvial units in the rheological and fluid mechanics perspective; e) to verify if there are different macro and microsedimentological signatures for colluvial units between depositional sectors - proximal to distal; and f) determine the paleoenvironmental significance of colluvial units. The methodology integrated office work, field, and laboratory procedures. During the office stage, geomorphological modeled and surfaces were identified and compartmentalized. In the field, a survey of substrates and surface formations in the study area was carried out; among these, 34 outcrops of colluvial deposits were identified in a modeled colluvial slope/colluvial ramp formation. Three outcrops were selected from the distal, medial, and proximal sectors with greater potential for describing their records. Analyses were performed at macro- and micro-sedimentological scales, as well as Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating. The mapping of the macro-geomorphology of the area allowed the spatial identification of the following modeled and geomorphic surfaces: Southern Sertanejas Depression, its respective morphostructural units (Pediplain and Massif), and modeled (summits, residual relief,slope with colluvial cover, inselberg, eluvium-covered slope, dissected pediments I and II, and alluvial plain). Regarding the stratigraphy of the colluvial deposits, similar facies were identified in the distal, medial, and proximal sectors: Laminated sandy mud (massive in the field), massive gravelly mud, and massive muddy gravel. The cross analysis of the data revealed that over the last 15.000 years BP, the landscape has been subjected to repeated episodes of slope instability, associated with paleoclimatic fluctuations. Finally, the combination of macro- and microsendimentological criteria enabled the identification of the flows responsible for the deposit formation (end member) and the understanding of mechanisms linked to depositional dynamics. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese