https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/527 Tue, 03 Feb 2026 13:03:11 GMT 2026-02-03T13:03:11Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8184 Title: Monitoramento da irrigação por gotejamento com bombeamento fotovoltaico autônomo e direto Autor: Goés, Naila Cristina Kepp de Primeiro orientador: Boas, Marcio Antonio Vilas Abstract: Autonomous direct photovoltaic pumping is a sustainable technological solution that directly uses solar energy to power water pumps, without the need for batteries or electronic controllers. This system operates intermittently, following the variation in solar irradiance throughout the day, which makes its design and management a challenge. Therefore, the objective of this research was to monitor the uniformity of water application in a drip irrigation system powered by autonomous direct photovoltaic pumping. Three irrigation systems with hoses of different wall thicknesses and emitters from different manufacturers were analyzed. The experiment was conducted at the UNIOESTE Irrigation and Fertigation Laboratory, using a 10-meter irrigation bench. The photovoltaic system consisted of a 150 Wp module connected directly to a submersible pump, without the use of batteries. Twenty-five trials were carried out per treatment, with flow rate measurements taken every 45 minutes between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. under different irradiance conditions. The variables calculated included flow rate, pressure, irradiance, and hydraulic power, and the data were analyzed using Shewhart control charts and the Coefficient of Uniformity of Distribution (CUD). The results showed that the Aries (Netafim) and Irritec 1.1 L/h emitters showed excellent uniformity, with mean CUD values above 95%, even under average irradiance of 360 W·m⁻², while the Irritec 2.1 L/h model obtained lower uniformity (87%). It was found that hoses with greater wall thickness provided greater stability in relation to the system’s fluctuating pressure, improving application uniformity. Despite the greater hydraulic power observed in higher flow emitters, the choice of emitter should also take into account uniformity parameters and cost effectiveness, especially in autonomous systems without a controller. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese Mon, 04 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8184 2025-08-04T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8069 Title: Sorgo gigante boliviano ensilado como cultura energética na codigestão anaeróbia de dejetos bovinos de corte: viabilidade técnico‑econômica Autor: Buligon, Eduardo Luiz Primeiro orientador: Costa, Monica Sarolli Silva de Mendonça Abstract: Anaerobic digestion (AD) of livestock residues allows for the stabilization of organic matter and the production of biogas and biofertilizer. This study evaluated the anaerobic co-digestion (CoAD) of beef cattle manure (CM) with two varieties of Bolivian giant sorghum, combining batch and semi-continuous experiments. The objective was to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of using ensiled Bolivian giant sorghum, with and without panicles, in anaerobic co-digestion with manure from confined beef cattle. In the batch experiment, five treatments were tested: CM (control treatment) and CM combined with the two sorghum varieties (with and without panicles), both fresh and ensiled, added as 30% of the reactor solids (5% total solids) under controlled temperature, for 360 days. In the semi-continuous experiment, CM was tested as mono-digestion (AMonoD) and compared with CoAD treatments using sorghum silages with and without panicles, maintaining the loading proportion of the batch experiment, but with a daily load of 3% TS and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 days, also under controlled temperature. Based on the semi-continuous results, an economic feasibility analysis was carried out. In the batch system, AMonoD, fresh sorghum without panicles (DS2), and silage without panicles (DSS2) showed the highest CH₄ yields, while silage with panicles (DSS1) accumulated volatile acids, indicating that the proportion and preparation method of sorghum are critical to avoid process instabilities. In the semi continuous experiment, DSS1 increased the specific production of biogas and CH₄ by 39.5% and 42.3%, respectively, without compromising the agronomic quality of the biofertilizer. The economic analysis, comparing AMonoD and DSS1, revealed that both scenarios are feasible for investment. However, AMonoD showed greater efficiency in capital allocation, while ACoD demonstrated higher financial returns (greater NPV) over 10 years, due to the higher initial investment required. In conclusion, ACoD with DSS1 was favorable for technical and economic feasibility, since in addition to improving the AD process, it proved to be a good investment according to the economic analysis, even though it showed lower investment efficiency compared to AMonoD. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese Fri, 08 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8069 2025-08-08T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7914 Title: Um guia para implementação da abordagem Indústria 4.0 para pequenas empresas do agronegócio Autor: Brotto, Osvaldo César Primeiro orientador: Jerry Adriani, Johann Abstract: This research was developed based on the recognition of the importance of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) for the Brazilian economy, especially in the metal-mechanic agribusiness sector in Western Paraná, and the challenges these organizations face, such as high mortality rates, low productivity, and limited adoption of digital technologies. The main objective was to create a practical guide tailored to the reality of these companies to facilitate their transition to Industry 4.0, promoting competitiveness and sustainability. Although MSEs represent the majority of companies and jobs in Brazil, they still face significant barriers to innovation and digitalization, requiring specific and accessible strategies. Grounded in a robust theoretical framework, a unified assessment model was developed and applied to ten companies in the sector using a structured questionnaire with 190 questions covering nine dimensions, such as leadership, processes, technology, and value chain. The initial diagnosis revealed higher maturity in products, value chain, and human resources, but weaknesses in technology and processes, with an overall average maturity of 65%. Based on this mapping, an implementation guide was developed in progressive stages—diagnosis, preparation, digitalization, automation—prioritizing low-cost solutions, integrated management, gradual digitalization, as well as indicating funding sources and monitoring indicators. The guide was applied to the participating companies, which began using digital management, production control, and data analysis tools, resulting in significant advances such as an increase in maturity to 69%, improvements in technology and processes, greater productivity, organization, waste reduction, and digital integration. For academia, the thesis presents a replicable and adaptable methodological model for different regional and sectoral contexts, expanding knowledge on digital transformation strategies in small agribusiness companies. In the research field, it highlights the importance of integrating theory, practical diagnosis, and customized solutions, and opens new perspectives for studies on the impacts of Industry 4.0 on local production chains and innovation in low technological maturity environments. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese Thu, 06 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7914 2025-03-06T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7786 Title: Avaliação funcional e potencial biotecnológico da água residuária de agroindústrias de mandioca: do isolamento à análise metagenômica Autor: Bandeira, Debora Marina Primeiro orientador: Gomes, Simone Damasceno Abstract: Cassava is recognized as an agricultural crop of great importance in Brazil, which generates by-products with a high organic load. The toxicity of the wastewater associated with cassava processing is limited to the excess of organic compounds and sugars and the presence of cyanoglycosides, which pose environmental risks if not adequately treated. However, this wastewater has significant potential as a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds for sustainable biotechnological applications, mitigating adverse environmental impacts. This study evaluated wastewater samples from two cassava processing agro-industries: a starch processor (ARFe) and a flour processor (ARFa). The aim was to investigate this waste's microbial composition and biotechnological potential using microbiological isolation methods, metagenomics, and functional tests. In article 1, bacterial isolates were obtained using the serial dilution and isolation method, followed by morphological and Gram stain characterization and physiological characterization regarding biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate and potassium solubilization, and siderophore synthesis. A total of 182 bacterial isolates were obtained, which demonstrated functional capacities relevant to agriculture, including a high rate of nitrogen fixation, phosphate and potassium solubilization, and siderophore production, especially in the ARFa isolates, which indicates potential for the development of biofertilizers. Article 2 carried out a metagenomic analysis of wastewater, which revealed a predominance of the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Firmicutes phyla, with a greater abundance of the Gemmatimonas, Nannocystis, and Bacillus genera. Despite the chemical variations between the samples, the taxonomic and functional profiles remained stable from 2022 to 2024. The significant correlation between functional diversity and substrate availability reinforces the direct impact of the physicochemical factors of each wastewater on the microbial structure and metabolic behavior of the microorganisms. In the third article, fermentation experiments were carried out using wastewater as a substrate for the bacterium Priestia aryabhattai (CCMMIAB UNIO423) to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) under different supplementation conditions (S1 and S2). Both samples sustained exponential microbial growth; ARFa showed faster initial growth, followed by a decline associated with nutrient depletion, while ARFe showed more stable and prolonged growth over time. S2 supplementation (casein, urea, sucrose, and potassium phosphate) resulted in greater cell viability compared to S1 (glycerol, ammonium nitrate, and yeast extract), with a high production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), especially in ARFa. The results indicate the biotechnological potential of cassava wastewater for applications in bioremediation and the production of biofertilizers. The study reinforces the feasibility of using these effluents as a substrate for the growth of plant growth-promoting microorganisms, which contributes to reducing environmental impact and promotes sustainability in agricultural production chains. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7786 2025-03-20T00:00:00Z