https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/526 Tue, 03 Feb 2026 19:52:36 GMT 2026-02-03T19:52:36Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8181 Title: Codigestão anaeróbia de lixiviado de aterro sanitário com lodo flotado de agroindústria para produção de biogás Autor: Dechechi, Fernanda Gomes Primeiro orientador: Gotardo, Jackeline Tatiane Abstract: Sanitary landfill leachate, commonly known as “leachate”, exhibits high diversity and complexity in its pollutant load, making it difficult to apply a single treatment method. To prevent environmental impacts associated with its discharge into water bodies or soil, leachate must undergo complete treatment. In turn, centrifuged floated sludge, an effluent generated in agro industrial wastewater treatment, poses the challenge of being produced in large volumes, resulting in significant costs for disposal and transport to licensed facilities. Due to these characteristics, both effluents motivated the investigation of anaerobic co-digestion for biogas production, fostering the development of sustainable alternatives for treatment and clean energy generation. The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of organic matter removal and biogas production from sanitary landfill leachate co-digested with centrifuged floated sludge from an agro-industrial complex in batch reactors, aiming at energy recovery. The research was divided into three phases: Phase 1: batch reactor using the Ritter fermentation system; Phase 2: batch reactor in BOD bottles; and Phase 3: batch reactor in a shaker. In all phases, the residues were collected and their physicochemical characteristics analyzed, as well as the mixtures of each reactor before incubation and at the end of the predetermined period. An experimental design was developed for Phases 1 and 2. Eleven reactors were incubated at 37ºC for approximately 60 days or until accumulated biogas production fell below 1%. The pH was adjusted before incubation, according to the central composite rotational design (CCRD), along with the proportions of the studied residues. Statistical analyses were applied to the results, and in Phase 2 it was possible to optimize the model. To validate the optimal point, the parameters obtained were applied to batch reactors operated on a shaker (Phase 3). Phase 1 showed that the test reactor containing centrifuged floated sludge performed better than the reactor with non-centrifuged floated sludge for the response variable (COD removal). Thus, centrifuged floated sludge was selected as the essential co-substrate for the experimental design in Phase 2. In Phase 2, among all reactors in the experimental design, Reactor 6 achieved the highest COD removal (73.73% for centrifuged COD and 84.38% for filtered COD), operating with 95% leachate and pH 7.5. For methane production, the central points of the design showed the highest values, approximately 7.5 L CH₄/L reactor, with parameters of 97.5% leachate and pH 7.5. The reactor containing only leachate (Reactor 5) and the test reactors with only centrifuged floated sludge or distilled water (Reactors 19 and 20) did not show significant results, confirming the advantage of co digestion over mono-digestion. Model optimization indicated 96.3% landfill leachate and pH 7.7 as the optimal independent variables, predicting 6.76 L CH₄/L reactor. After operating the Phase 3 reactor, methane production exceeded expectations, reaching 10.01 L CH₄/L reactor. In conclusion, the co-digestion of sanitary landfill leachate with centrifuged floated sludge from poultry processing contributes to advances in clean and renewable energy research, supporting energy autonomy through biogas production. Finally, for real-scale application, obtaining seasonal operational data from a pilot-scale reactor is recommended to generate a robust database and increase confidence in system design Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação Mon, 25 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8181 2025-08-25T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8149 Title: Validação de sistemas de bombeamento fotovoltaico autônomo e direto na irrigação Autor: Cossich, Vinícius Primeiro orientador: Boas, Marcio Antonio Vilas Abstract: The limited electrical grid infrastructure and high fuel costs hinder irrigation pumping, particularly in remote areas. Photovoltaic (PV) water pumping emerges as a promising alternative because it converts solar energy into electricity to power pumps. This research proposes a methodology for recommending the most suitable operational strategy for PV pumping systems directly coupled to drip irrigation. The study evaluates different types of solar pumping equipment and technologies by analyzing performance, optimal sizing, and efficiency improvements. The first article details the validation methodology based on measurements of the pump’s electrical parameters, hydraulic performance, and irrigation uniformity. The second article applies the methodology to compare two PV pumping projects using distinct pumping technologies. The results demonstrate that employing a DC converter increases hydraulic efficiency, operational flexibility, and reliability, and that a pump can still be considered viable for irrigation even when its efficiency does not exceed 30%. Based on the comparison of pump technologies, the methodology indicates that the diaphragm pump is more suitable than the centrifugal pump for drip irrigation with autonomous and directly coupled PV pumping. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação Fri, 08 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8149 2025-08-08T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8120 Title: Produção de hidrogênio via lactato obtido a partir da cofermentação de água residuária de fecularia de mandioca e glicerol Autor: Baioco , Rafaela Adam Primeiro orientador: Gomes, Simone Damasceno Abstract: The rising demand for sustainable energy sources is increasing interest in the biological production of hydrogen, which is a clean and efficient alternative to traditional energy sources. This study explored the possibility of producing bioH2 using a medium rich in lactic acid as a substrate, obtained from the co-fermentation of cassava starch factory wastewater (CSW) and glycerol. The process was divided into two stages: (i) producing lactic acid-rich fermentate (FLa) in an anaerobic sequential batch reactor (ASBR) from co-fermentation of CSW and glycerol (1.5% v/v), and (ii) converting FLa to bioH2 in a continuous multi-tube reactor (CMTR). The CMTR was tested with three increasing volumetric organic loads (VOL): 48, 72, and 96 g COD L⁻¹ d⁻¹. Results showed that the lactic fermentation stage produced a uniform substrate high in lactic acid (41%) and glycerin (52%). In the CMTR, the highest volumetric hydrogen production rates (VHP = 1,960.3 mL H₂ L⁻¹ d⁻¹) and biogas flow rates (BGF = 9,360.9 mL d⁻¹) occurred with the highest VOC applied. Conversely, the highest hydrogen yield (HY = 14.1 mmol H₂ g COD⁻¹) and the greatest conversion of lactic acid (95%) and glycerol (65%) occurred at intermediate COV levels. Soluble metabolite analysis suggested the predominance of the butyric pathway in the E2 test, associated with better stability and less formation of compounds like ethanol and propionic acid that divert carbon and decrease H₂ production. Although the acetic pathway is more efficient for hydrogen generation, the butyric pathway tends to be favored in real systems due to its greater operational stability. It is concluded that combining CSW co-fermentation with glycerol and prior lactic acid production, followed by application in CMTR for H2 generation, is a promising strategy for valorizing agro-industrial waste and sustainably producing bioH2. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8120 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7913 Title: Potencial de geração de metano via codigestão anaeróbia de lixiviado de aterro sanitário e efluentes do tratamento de esgoto sanitário. Autor: Marques, Leonardo Guimarães Primeiro orientador: Gotardo, Jackeline Tatiane Abstract: The sustainable management of urban effluents, including activated sludge and scum from sanitary sewage treatment, as well as landfill leachate, is crucial for minimizing environmental impacts and harnessing energy resources. This study investigated the anaerobic co-digestion of these wastes, aiming to maximize methane (CH₄) yield and minimize pollution potential. These co-substrates were selected based on a literature review, which suggested that a ternary mixture could yield satisfactory results. Furthermore, this choice is justified by the fact that these effluents are found in landfills, either as a source (leachate) or as a destination (residual activated sludge and scum), pointing to a logistical benefit in the availability of these materials. The research was structured in two phases: (1) Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) tests with a simplex-centroid experimental design (12 mixtures), analyzing volumetric proportions of leachate (LEA), residual activated sludge (RAS), and scum (S), and (2) operation of an anaerobic fixed-bed reactor (AFBR) with upward flow, subjected to hydraulic detention times (HDT: 15–45 h) and volumetric organic loads (VOC: 11.58–43.04 g COD/L.d). In the BMP, the mixture relative to the center point of the design (33.33% LEA-RAS-S) presented the highest CH₄ yield (435.4 ± 13.2 mL/g VS) and the best synergistic effect, evaluated by the Co-digestion Impact Factor (CIF), which relates the PBM yield to the yield weighted by the proportions of the substrates based on the results of the mono-digestion yields, with CIF = 1.7 ± 0.1. LEA mono-digestion did not generate CH₄ due to the recalcitrance of the constituent organic matter, attributed to the low biodegradability of the material. Soluble COD removal reached 74.88% in mixtures with 66.66% ESC, highlighting the contribution of biodegradable organic matter from the scum. Based on the PBM results, the desirability analysis recommended an optimized mixture in terms of CH4 yield and soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 25.37% LEA, 36.37% RAS, and 38.26% S. In the AFBR, the condition with an HDT of 30 h and a VOC of 21.21 g COD/L.d was the most optimized, with a productivity of 0.77 ± 0.23 L CH₄/L.d, an average CH₄ content of 80.6%, and a removal of 44.2% of the total COD. The AFBR remained stable in its biochemical functions throughout the experiment, as indicated by the IA/PA ratio of 0.3–0.4 and the VFA/TA ratio of 0.1–0.35, as well as the accumulation of volatile organic acids in the vertical profile of the reactor. However, operational challenges were encountered, such as biomass clogging and washing, which reduced efficiency due to physical parameters, requiring interventions to optimize biomass retention. It is concluded that anaerobic co-digestion is technically feasible for integrating waste already available in landfills. For future studies, we recommend validating the optimized mixture in the MBT, performing metagenomic analysis of the microbial consortium, and better evaluating the type of reactor for system operation. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7913 2025-03-12T00:00:00Z