https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/512 Tue, 03 Feb 2026 19:10:02 GMT 2026-02-03T19:10:02Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8180 Title: Otimização de misturas ternárias de diesel, biodieseis de crambe e de óleo de fritura via metodologia de superfície de resposta Autor: Baioco, Raquel Primeiro orientador: Bariccatti, Reinaldo Aparecido Abstract: The present study aimed to produce and characterize blends of S10 diesel and biodiesels from crambe oil and waste cooking oil, using a ternary system and response surface methodology as the experimental design. The physicochemical properties of viscosity, density, and calorific value were analyzed, seeking the optimization of these variables to enable the application of the biofuels in internal combustion engines. The biodiesel was obtained through a transesterification reaction with methanol and potassium hydroxide as a catalyst. The choice of feedstocks was based on environmental and economic viability: waste cooking oil, as an easily accessible and low-cost residue, and crambe oil, as a non-edible crop with no competition with food production. For the procedure, seven blends were prepared with different proportions of crambe biodiesel, waste cooking oil biodiesel, and S10 diesel, according to the ternary system design. Characterization via infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the formation of esters and the thermal stability of the biodiesels. The response surfaces were generated using Chemoface software to identify the optimal blend proportions. The results indicated that viscosity and density increase with higher biodiesel fractions in the mixtures, while the calorific value decreases. Among the experimentally obtained blends, the best alternatives to diesel fuel were: 50% diesel and 50% waste cooking oil biodiesel for viscosity, and 50% diesel and 50% crambe biodiesel for density and calorific value. The statistical model used showed a high degree of fit (R² > 0.97), validating the efficiency of the experimental design. It is concluded that the production and use of blends with crambe and waste cooking oil biodiesels are feasible. The applied methodology allowed the identification of suitable proportions for optimizing the desired properties, highlighting the potential of these sources as sustainable alternatives to fossil diesel. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação Mon, 28 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8180 2025-07-28T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8141 Title: Manejo da irrigação através da evapotranspiração em estágios fenológicos do níger (Guizotia abyssinica) Autor: Zitha, Agostinho Rodrigues Primeiro orientador: Santos, Reginaldo Ferreira Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the impact of water deficit during the phenological stages of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica). Two experiments were conducted at the State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE), in Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil: one in a protected environment and the other in open field conditions. The experimental design was completely randomized, with eight treatments and four replications (32 plots), as follows: T1-(Vegetative), T2-(Reproductive), T3-(Grain Formation), T4-(Vegetative and Reproductive), T5-(Vegetative and Grain Formation), T6-(Reproductive and Grain Formation), T7-(None of the Stages), and T8-(Vegetative, Reproductive, and Grain Formation). The substrate consisted of red soil and vermicompost humus placed in PVC pots. Irrigation was based on reference evapotranspiration (ETo), estimated using the Thornthwaite, Camargo, and Penman-Monteith methods adapted to the region. The cultivation in the protected environment was conducted under a high tunnel structure without temperature control. Irrigation was applied locally. In the field, sowing took place in an open area without climate control. In both environments, the plants’ water demand was adjusted using the crop coefficient (Kc), considering the phenological stages. The variables analyzed included plant height, number of leaves and capitula, stem and capitulum diameter, fresh and dry biomass (shoot and root), and yield. Statistical analysis was performed using the F test at a 5% significance level with the Sisvar software. In the greenhouse, T8 was significant for: root length (17 cm) and stem length (144.50 cm), fresh mass (3.49 g) and dry mass (1.80 g) of roots, fresh mass (40.37 g) and dry mass (8.89 g) of stems, stem diameter (8.85 mm), number of capitula (20.25), and number of leaves (35.50). Capitulum diameter showed no significant differences. Among the combined treatments, T4 stood out, and among the isolated ones, T1 was the most prominent. In the open field, T8 also showed the best results, particularly for: fresh mass (4.23 g) and dry mass (0.85 g) of roots, fresh mass (46.6 g) and dry mass (8.19 g) of stems, stem diameter (8.53 mm), number of capitula (33), and number of leaves (49). For certain variables, no significant differences were observed: stem and root length, number and weight of seeds, one thousand-grain weight, capitulum diameter, and productivity indicators. Among the combined treatments, T6 had the highest values. Among the isolated treatments, T3 showed the highest mean. T3 proved to be sensitive to water stress, and continuous irrigation enhanced growth and productivity. "This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001" Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação Thu, 07 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8141 2025-08-07T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8130 Title: Emissões de um motor gerador abastecido com biodiesel de óleo residual de salmão Autor: Geraldo Junior, Edvaldo Primeiro orientador: Bariccatti, Reinaldo Aparecido Abstract: Law nº. 11,097/2005 was a milestone in Brazil, establishing the addition of biodiesel to diesel, with a projection of 15% by 2026. The use of salmon waste oil as a source for biodiesel stands out as a promising alternative, taking advantage of agro industrial waste and contributing to the search for renewable energy sources, in line with the goals established by Brazilian legislation. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the emissions of a 5 HP generator engine using S10 diesel and different blends of salmon biodiesel. The methodology involved the production of biodiesel via methyl transesterification with salmon oil, methanol, and sodium hydroxide. The following fuel blends were prepared: BP0 (100% S10 diesel), BP14 (14% biodiesel), BP30 (30% biodiesel), and BP100 (100% biodiesel). Physical chemical analyses included density, kinematic viscosity, and higher heating value. Bench tests evaluated fuel consumption and gas emissions (CO, CO₂, NOx, HC) at different torques. The results showed that BP100 had higher density (0.882 g/cm³) and viscosity (3.01 mm²/s) than BP0 (0.832 g/cm³ and 1.96 mm²/s), while its calorific value was lower (39.23 MJ/kg versus 45.03 MJ/kg for BP0). Regarding emissions, at low torques, BP0 presented lower CO, but at higher torques, the biodiesel blends demonstrated lower emissions. CO₂ increased with torque for all fuels, being slightly higher in biodiesel blends at high torques. Nox emissions increased with torque, but BP100 recorded the lowest emissions. Hydrocarbons (HC) were higher with biodiesel at low torques. The study demonstrated that biodiesel from salmon waste oil is an energy alternative, with emphasis on the BP30 blend. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8130 2025-08-28T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8085 Title: Pulverização localizada de herbicidas através de imageamento com drones Autor: Nobre, Felipe Luiz de Lemos Primeiro orientador: Santos, Reginaldo Ferreira Abstract: This thesis brings together three complementary studies that address the use of agricultural drones in localized spraying, evaluating their impact on application efficiency, input savings, and effects on soybean crops. The advancement of digital technologies in agriculture has enabled greater precision and sustainability in management practices, especially in the use of herbicides and biostimulants. The first article analyzed localized herbicide spraying with drones, comparing it to conventional spraying. The results showed that the use of drones significantly reduced the volume of herbicide applied without compromising weed control efficacy, while also decreasing drift losses and product waste. The second article evaluated the efficiency of drone spraying in soybean crops. The technology provided good foliar coverage, with adequate product deposition and no significant differences in final yield compared to conventional methods, reinforcing the potential of drones as a complementary management tool. The third article investigated the localized application of a biostimulant combined with glyphosate. The results indicated that the technology enhanced the utilization of the biostimulant, promoting improvements in the initial development of soybean plants, in addition to reducing input losses. Thus, this work demonstrates that localized spraying with drones can contribute to efficient and sustainable agriculture by reducing the use of pesticides, optimizing product deposition, and maintaining the productive performance of soybean crops. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese Tue, 29 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8085 2025-07-29T00:00:00Z