https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/507 Fri, 02 Oct 2026 01:38:09 GMT 2026-10-02T01:38:09Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8673 Title: Impacto da urbanização na microbacia do rio Cascavel – município de Cascavel – Paraná – Período 2015 a 2020 Autor: Santos, Cristiano de Assumpção Primeiro orientador: Feiden, Armin Abstract: Rapid and unplanned urban growth has caused significant changes in watershed dynamics, compromising their capacity for hydrological regulation and their environmental sustainability. The Cascavel River micro-watershed, located in the municipality of Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil, with a catchment area of 50.51 km², is a representative example of this process, as its headwaters lie within the urban perimeter and are directly affected by urban and agricultural expansion in the region. This study analyzed the impacts of urbanization on the streamflow of the Cascavel River micro watershed, investigating the relationship between increasing soil sealing, land use and occupation, and the watershed's hydrological response over time. The methodology combines analysis of historical streamflow and precipitation records from 2002 to 2020, supervised classification of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery (2015-2020) processed in QGIS using the Maximum Likelihood algorithm (MAXVER), with an Overall Accuracy of 86.57% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.8159, and multivariate statistical analysis through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. A continuous expansion of the urbanized area was identified, from 28.41% to 31.28% of the micro-watershed (+1.45 km² over six years), at the expense of temporary cropland and remaining forest cover. Mean daily streamflow dropped from 1.53 m³/s in 2018 to 0.33 m³/s in 2020 — a decrease of approximately 78% — including an interval between 2018 and 2019 in which precipitation varied by only 3.4% while streamflow fell by 66%. The multivariate analysis organized the data into two orthogonal factors — a rainfall factor and a hydrological response factor — accounting for 79.70% of the total variance, evidencing a partial decoupling between precipitation and streamflow. The results indicate a contribution of urbanization and soil sealing to the variations in the Cascavel River's streamflow, with effects on surface runoff, infiltration, and basin recharge, and risks associated with a higher frequency of extreme events, such as floods and severe droughts. The findings provide technical support for public policies and for environmental recovery and urban planning strategies, with a focus on water resources conservation and the mitigation of the effects of urban densification. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese Tue, 18 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8673 2026-08-18T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8671 Title: Codigestão anaeróbia de lixiviado de aterro sanitário com lodo flotado de agroindústria para produção de biogás Autor: Dechechi, Fernanda Gomes Primeiro orientador: Gotardo, Jackeline Tatiane Abstract: Sanitary landfill leachate, commonly known as “leachate”, exhibits high diversity and complexity in its pollutant load, making it difficult to apply a single treatment method. To prevent environmental impacts associated with its discharge into water bodies or soil, leachate must undergo complete treatment. In turn, centrifuged floated sludge, an effluent generated in agro industrial wastewater treatment, poses the challenge of being produced in large volumes, resulting in significant costs for disposal and transport to licensed facilities. Due to these characteristics, both effluents motivated the investigation of anaerobic co-digestion for biogas production, fostering the development of sustainable alternatives for treatment and clean energy generation. The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of organic matter removal and biogas production from sanitary landfill leachate co-digested with centrifuged floated sludge from an agro-industrial complex in batch reactors, aiming at energy recovery. The research was divided into three phases: Phase 1: batch reactor using the Ritter fermentation system; Phase 2: batch reactor in BOD bottles; and Phase 3: batch reactor in a shaker. In all phases, the residues were collected and their physicochemical characteristics analyzed, as well as the mixtures of each reactor before incubation and at the end of the predetermined period. An experimental design was developed for Phases 1 and 2. Eleven reactors were incubated at 37ºC for approximately 60 days or until accumulated biogas production fell below 1%. The pH was adjusted before incubation, according to the central composite rotational design (CCRD), along with the proportions of the studied residues. Statistical analyses were applied to the results, and in Phase 2 it was possible to optimize the model. To validate the optimal point, the parameters obtained were applied to batch reactors operated on a shaker (Phase 3). Phase 1 showed that the test reactor containing centrifuged floated sludge performed better than the reactor with non-centrifuged floated sludge for the response variable (COD removal). Thus, centrifuged floated sludge was selected as the essential co-substrate for the experimental design in Phase 2. In Phase 2, among all reactors in the experimental design, Reactor 6 achieved the highest COD removal (73.73% for centrifuged COD and 84.38% for filtered COD), operating with 95% leachate and pH 7.5. For methane production, the central points of the design showed the highest values, approximately 7.5 L CH₄/L reactor, with parameters of 97.5% leachate and pH 7.5. The reactor containing only leachate (Reactor 5) and the test reactors with only centrifuged floated sludge or distilled water (Reactors 19 and 20) did not show significant results, confirming the advantage of co digestion over mono-digestion. Model optimization indicated 96.3% landfill leachate and pH 7.7 as the optimal independent variables, predicting 6.76 L CH₄/L reactor. After operating the Phase 3 reactor, methane production exceeded expectations, reaching 10.01 L CH₄/L reactor. In conclusion, the co-digestion of sanitary landfill leachate with centrifuged floated sludge from poultry processing contributes to advances in clean and renewable energy research, supporting energy autonomy through biogas production. Finally, for real-scale application, obtaining seasonal operational data from a pilot-scale reactor is recommended to generate a robust database and increase confidence in system design. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação Mon, 25 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8671 2025-08-25T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8670 Title: Padrões de potabilidade, para Agrotóxicos e metabólitos em água, em estados de Santa Catarina, Paraná e Mato Grosso Do Sul Autor: Lacerda, Diogo Müller Primeiro orientador: Gotardo, Jackeline Tatiane Abstract: Identifying and assessing the quality of drinking water is of great importance for understanding the current state of the water consumed. The use of pesticides and other contaminants is one of the main tools used in the current Brazilian agricultural model. They tend to accumulate, and their residues can reach surface waters. The intensive use of these mechanisms is associated with health problems for the population and environmental degradation. Currently, the most widely used pesticides in agriculture are organophosphates and carbamates, which have very efficient insecticide activity due to their characteristic of inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in the nervous system, which achieves its objective in insects but can also act on mammals, thus characterizing a problem for living beings. In this context, some legislation provides limitations aimed at controlling these contaminants. CONAMA resolution No. 357 of 2005 defines and classifies water suitable for human consumption, delimiting criteria for organic and inorganic compounds. Law No. 7,802 of July 11, 1989, defines pesticides as: “Products and agents of physical, chemical or biological processes for use in the cultivation, storage and processing of agricultural products”. In addition to CONAMA resolution No. 357, another important regulation that came into force in 2021 was Ordinance GM/MS No. 888, which establishes procedures for controlling and monitoring the quality of water for human consumption and its potability standard. This Ordinance establishes specific maximum residue limits (MRLs) for 54 contaminants. A statistical study was carried out in the databases of the A3Q Laboratory, located in the city of Cascavel/PR, a laboratory with national operations and a reference in environmental analysis, in order to identify contamination in water samples, analyzing requests related to CONAMA ORDINANCE 357 and GM/MS 888, in the period between January 2021 and August 2023. More than 10,000 requests were evaluated in the most varied compounds, being filtered and organized according to the interest of the study. In this context, this work aimed to study and evaluate, through monitoring patterns of organic compounds, the possible contamination of water in river basins in the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Mato Grosso do Sul, based on the identification of potability patterns. These were spatially distributed in the states of interest. The quantities of requests and main cities of the states mentioned were mapped. Basic descriptive statistical evaluation of the database was carried out, providing relevant information for the study and for new future evaluations. The results demonstrated that residues of highly toxic organic compounds, such as organophosphates and carbamates, were detected in the evaluated matrices, indicating environmental and public health risks. The presence of these compounds reinforces the need for policies, monitoring and sustainable management of water resources, as well as the importance and application of conscious use practices. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação Thu, 13 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8670 2025-02-13T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8669 Title: Digestão anaeróbia em duas fases de resíduos de mortalidade suína e redução de amônia livre utilizando processo com membranas Autor: Silva, João Fernando Ferri da Primeiro orientador: Kunz, Airton Abstract: Swine mortality residues (SMR) represent a growing environmental and sanitary challenge in commercial farms, driven by the intensification and concentration of production. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an established technology for the treatment and valorization of agricultural waste, allowing for energy recovery in the form of biogas. However, substrates such as swine carcasses have a high protein and lipid content, the degradation of which generates ammonia and fatty acids that, in high concentrations, can inhibit microbial activity. In this context, the use of gas-permeable membranes (GPM) emerges as a promising alternative to mitigate the effects of ammonia inhibition, promoting greater process stability. Therefore, this thesis evaluated the use of two-stage anaerobic digestion (TSAD) and GPM as complementary strategies for the treatment and utilization of SMR. In this sense, two sets of experiments were conducted. The first one evaluated the potential of TSAD in the production of H2 and CH4, comparing it to single-stage digestion (CH4), through batch tests. Separating the stages increased methane production by 55%, favoring energy recovery and improving the degradation kinetics of the carcasses, as confirmed by the modified Gompertz model. The second experiment evaluated the use of GPM in ammonia recovery and mitigation of nitrogen inhibition. Two semi-continuous reactors were operated with swine manure supplemented with urea, simulating nitrogen load increases. One of the reactors was equipped with GPM for in-situ removal of free ammonia (FA). The activation of GPM allowed for continuous ammonia recovery and restored methane production when FA levels exceeded 500 mgN L-1. Microbiological analysis indicated changes in the methanogenic community, with a predominance of more tolerant groups, such as Methanosarcina. Overall, the results indicate that TSAD and the use of GPM are effective and complementary strategies for the treatment of nitrogenous substrates, increasing the operational robustness, energy efficiency, and environmental viability of AD applied to SMR. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese Mon, 11 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8669 2025-08-11T00:00:00Z