https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/577 2026-02-07T13:31:19Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8010 Title: Qualidade física, carbono orgânico do solo e produtividade de milho e soja após aplicação de remineralizador basáltico associado a cama de frango e consórcios de plantas de cobertura Autor: Reis, Willian dos Primeiro orientador: Seidel, Edleusa Pereira Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of basalt rock powder associated with cover crops and chicken litter on soil physical properties, total soil organic carbon (TOC), cover crop dry matter yield, and corn and soybean yield. The experimental design was randomized block in a splitstrip scheme with two additional treatments and four replicates. The primary strips consisted of three cover crop consortia: black oat + forage turnip (mix 1); white lupin + forage pea (mix 2); and oat + turnip + lupin + pea (mix 3). The secondary strips were: presence or absence of chicken litter (6 Mg ha-1). The sub-stripes were: presence or absence of rock powder (8 Mg ha-1). The additional treatments were: absolute control and control with chemical fertilizer. Penetration resistance (PR) down to 0.40 m, bulk density, porosity, and total soil carbon were evaluated in four layers (0.00.05; 0.05-0.10; 0.10-0.15, and 0.15-0.20 m) before and after harvesting summer crops (12 and 24 months after the start of the experiment). The dry mass productivity of cover crops was determined during the flowering period. Summer crops were manually harvested in the useful area of the plots, threshed, and weighed to assess productivity. The dry mass productivity of consortia was higher in the presence of rock powder and chicken litter; the use of rock powder, chicken litter, and cover crops in consortia provided higher soil TOC content; the use of chicken litter, as well as the association of cover crops in the presence of rock powder, promoted a reduction in PR; the consortia and the use of chicken litter and rock powder did not reduce soil density, but did not negatively interfere with macroporosity, microporosity and soil PT; the use of rock powder and chicken litter provided greater corn and soybean productivity. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese 2025-05-23T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7964 Title: Atributos químicos do solo e teores de nutrientes em grãos de milho e soja após aplicação de remineralizador associado a plantas de cobertura e cama de frango Autor: Sustakowski, Monica Carolina Primeiro orientador: Seidel, Edleusa Pereira Abstract: The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of soil remineralizer associated with cover crop consortium and chicken litter on soil chemical properties, on the nutritional contents of corn and soybean grains and to determine which treatments promoted the greatest contribution to soil alteration through principal component analysis (PCA). The experimental design was randomized blocks in a split-strip scheme with two additional factors and four replicates. The primary strips were three cover crop consortium: black oat + forage turnip (mix 1); white lupine + forage pea (mix 2); oat + turnip + lupine + pea (mix 3). The secondary strips were the presence and absence of chicken litter (6 Mg ha-1). The sub-strips were the presence and absence of soil remineralizer (8 Mg ha-1). The additional factors were: absolute control and control with NPK fertilization. The chemical characteristics of the soil (pH, H+Al, P, K, Ca, Mg, V% and CEC) were evaluated at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after the beginning of the experiment in the 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m layers. Nutritional evaluation of corn and soybean grains (P, K, Ca and Mg) was also performed. The association of the remineralizer with chicken litter and with the consortia was efficient in improving and maintaining the chemical conditions of the soil at adequate levels, in addition to reducing the time required for the remineralizer to react; among the consortia used, oats + turnip provided the greatest effect in the association with the remineralizer and chicken litter; the use of the remineralizer, chicken litter and the oat + turnip consortium provided pH, H+Al, V%, CEC, P, K, Ca and Mg values similar to those verified in the control with NPK fertilization, demonstrating that soil fertility management with these alternative sources was as efficient as conventional chemical fertilization. The use of the remineralizer promoted higher P and Mg contents in corn grains and Ca and Mg in soybeans; the association of the remineralizer with chicken litter or with the oat + turnip consortium resulted in higher P contents in soybeans; The association of the remineralizer with chicken litter provided a higher K content in soybean grain. The principal component analysis indicated that among the soil chemical attributes evaluated, those that best explained the variability of the treatments used were pH, H+Al, Ca, Mg, V% and P. P was more related to the treatments that associated the remineralizer with chicken litter and with the consortia. pH, Ca, Mg and V% presented behavior contrary to that observed for H+Al, and the influence of these attributes did not follow a pattern as the evaluation period increased, also varying among the different treatments. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese 2025-04-11T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7963 Title: Atributos químicos do solo e teores de nutrientes em grãos de milho e soja após aplicação de remineralizador associado a plantas de cobertura e cama de frango Autor: Sustakowski , Monica Carolina Primeiro orientador: Seidel, Edleusa Pereira Abstract: The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of soil remineralizer associated with cover crop consortium and chicken litter on soil chemical properties, on the nutritional contents of corn and soybean grains and to determine which treatments promoted the greatest contribution to soil alteration through principal component analysis (PCA). The experimental design was randomized blocks in a split-strip scheme with two additional factors and four replicates. The primary strips were three cover crop consortium: black oat + forage turnip (mix 1); white lupine + forage pea (mix 2); oat + turnip + lupine + pea (mix 3). The secondary strips were the presence and absence of chicken litter (6 Mg ha-1). The sub-strips were the presence and absence of soil remineralizer (8 Mg ha-1). The additional factors were: absolute control and control with NPK fertilization. The chemical characteristics of the soil (pH, H+Al, P, K, Ca, Mg, V% and CEC) were evaluated at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after the beginning of the experiment in the 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m layers. Nutritional evaluation of corn and soybean grains (P, K, Ca and Mg) was also performed. The association of the remineralizer with chicken litter and with the consortia was efficient in improving and maintaining the chemical conditions of the soil at adequate levels, in addition to reducing the time required for the remineralizer to react; among the consortia used, oats + turnip provided the greatest effect in the association with the remineralizer and chicken litter; the use of the remineralizer, chicken litter and the oat + turnip consortium provided pH, H+Al, V%, CEC, P, K, Ca and Mg values similar to those verified in the control with NPK fertilization, demonstrating that soil fertility management with these alternative sources was as efficient as conventional chemical fertilization. The use of the remineralizer promoted higher P and Mg contents in corn grains and Ca and Mg in soybeans; the association of the remineralizer with chicken litter or with the oat + turnip consortium resulted in higher P contents in soybeans; The association of the remineralizer with chicken litter provided a higher K content in soybean grain. The principal component analysis indicated that among the soil chemical attributes evaluated, those that best explained the variability of the treatments used were pH, H+Al, Ca, Mg, V% and P. P was more related to the treatments that associated the remineralizer with chicken litter and with the consortia. pH, Ca, Mg and V% presented behavior contrary to that observed for H+Al, and the influence of these attributes did not follow a pattern as the evaluation period increased, also varying among the different treatments. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese 2025-04-11T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7769 Title: População de Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: cicadellidae) e severidade do complexo de enfezamento em função de doses de nitrogênio e potássio em milho Autor: Istchuk, Ademar Novais Primeiro orientador: Pietrowski, Vanda Abstract: The corn crop has faced significant phytosanitary challenges related to pathogens associated with the corn stunting complex, which can result in yield losses of up to 100%. Despite the importance of these pathogens, current disease control is based on the suppression of the corn leafhopper (Dalbulus maidis), which acts as an insect vector. Control strategies include a set of agricultural practices that combine efforts to achieve better results, as no single practice is highly effective on its own. Aiming to contribute to this set of recommendations, this thesis investigated the effects of the interaction between two corn hybrids and topdressing fertilization with nitrogen and potassium on the incidence of D. maidis and the symptoms expression under field conditions. In total, 18 treatments were tested in randomized blocks with six replications over two seasons. The leafhopper population was monitored throughout the vegetative period using yellow sticky traps. Two evaluations of symptoms were conducted: incidence at R1 and severity at R3. Plant integrity was assessed before manual harvesting to determine yield, and after, the ears were also evaluated and classified based on their quality. The visual scores of corn stunting were grouped and presented as frequency of occurrence, compared to the adopted vigor scale. Statistical analysis was performed using mixed models in R software. A total of 65,711 insects were collected in the first season and 33,781 in the second. The D. maidis population was not influenced by nitrogen or potassium, and no difference was observed between hybrids. Leafhopper density differed between seasons; however, the frequency and severity of symptoms were not proportional to the number of insects collected. Fertilization does not prevent plant infection but can limit symptom expression, especially under conditions of milder symptoms. Topdressing with potassium reduces the visual symptoms of corn stunting at R3. Yield was not influenced by the nutrient rates and hybrids evaluated. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese 2025-02-24T00:00:00Z