https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/575 2026-08-03T15:17:47Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8512 Title: Estratégias nutricionais na alimentação de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação Autor: Losekann, Jean Carlos Smaniotto Primeiro orientador: Carvalho, Paulo Levi de Oliveira Abstract: Two experiments were conducted on with growing and finishing pigs. In the first experiment, the objective was to evaluate the effects of different levels of soluble protein in potassium hydroxide (PS-KOH) from soybean meal on performance, blood biochemical and hematological profiles, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), and features of carcass and meat quality. In the second experiment, the objective was to evaluate the supplementation of different blends of exogenous enzymes on performance, fecal consistency score, blood biochemical and hematological profiles, ATTD, and features of carcass and meat quality. Experiment I: 80 pigs (35.24 kg ± 2.09 kg) intact male hybrids (Landrace × Large White) were used for 88 days in 4 dietary treatments: diet with 75% PS-KOH of FS (FS75), diet with 77% PS-KOH of FS (FS77), diet with 80% PS-KOH of FS (FS80), diet with 85% PS-KOH of FS (FS85) in a randomized block design based on initial body weight, with 10 repetitions and 2 pigs per pen as the experimental unit. Finishing II pigs that consumed the FS75 and FS80 diets showed a higher (P=0.029) mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) than the FS85 diet. Growing II pigs that consumed the FS80 diet showed higher (P=0.005) digestible protein (DP) than those fed the FS75 or FS85 diets. In addition, digestible energy (DE) was higher (P=0.003) in the Growing II pigs fed the FS85 diet than those fed the FS75 or FS77 diets. The finishing pigs in phase II that consumed the FS85 diet had higher (P=0.019) DE than those on the FS77 diet. Animals fed the FS77 diet showed higher (P=0.036) carcass pH 24 hours after slaughter in the Longissimus thoracis muscle than the others. In conclusion, FS with values between 75% and 85% of PS-KOH are indicative of adequate thermal processing and do not harm growing and finishing pigs. Experiment II: A total of eighty entire male hybrid pigs (Landrace × Large White) (24.63 kg ± 0.61 kg) were used, assigned for 92 days to 4 dietary treatments: diet with 6-phytase, endo – 1,4 – β-xylanase (Xylanase), diet with 6-phytase, endo - 1,4 - β-xylanase, endo - 1,3 – β-glucanase (β-glucanase), diet with 6-phytase, endo – 1,4 – βxylanase, protease (Bacillus subtilis) (Protease), diet with 6-phytase, endo – 1,4 – β-xylanase, protease (Aspergillus niger), protease (Bacillus subtilis) (Two proteases), in a randomized block design based on initial body weight, with 10 repetitions and 2 pigs per pen as the experimental unit. The growth pigs phase III that consumed the diet with β-glucanase showed higher (P=0.006) final body weight (FBW) compared to the others. β-glucanase showed higher (P=0.006) daily weight gain (DWG) compared to xylanase, while the feed conversion (FC) for protease and β-glucanase was better (P=0.005) than that of xylanase. In finishing phase I, the diet with β-glucanase showed better (P=0.014) FC than the diet with protease. Pigs that consumed xylanase in finishing phases I and II combined had higher (P=0.047) DWG than those that consumed two proteases. In the growth phase III, pigs fed with β-glucanase had higher platelet count (PLT) (P=0.023) and procalcitonin (PCT) (P=0.028) than pigs that consumed two proteases. Overall, the ADG was higher (P < 0.05) for pigs in growth phase III that were fed with β-glucanase, while the finishing II pigs showed higher (P<0.05) ADG when consuming xylanase, compared to the protease and two proteases diets. The FCR was higher (P=0.015) in pigs fed diets containing protease and two proteases when compared to xylanase. Pigs that consumed diets containing xylanase and β-glucanase showed higher (P=0.004) drip loss (DL) compared to the diet with two proteases. In conclusion, supplementation with enzyme blends containing carbohydrases provided improvements in zootechnical performance and ADG of growing and finishing pigs, with the blend containing phytase, xylanase, and βglucanase was more effective for growing pigs, while the blend containing phytase and xylanase stood out for finishing pigs. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese 2026-04-02T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8487 Title: Uso de biocolina (Fosfatidilcolina) e adsorvente de micotoxinas na dieta de bovinos Autor: Kliemann, Ricardo Davi Primeiro orientador: Zambom, Maximiliane Alavarse Abstract: This study consists of two experiments. The first experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of phosphatidylcholine administration in the rumen or abomasum on the digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, as well as ruminal and blood parameters of cattle. Five Jersey castrated male animals with an average body weight of 829.6 ± 34.6 kg, fitted with a ruminal cannula and distributed in a 5x5 Latin square, were used. Five treatments were evaluated, one without the addition of phosphatidylcholine (control) and the others consisting of combinations of doses of 3 or 6 g/100 kg of body weight of phosphatidylcholine with the site of administration, either the rumen or the abomasum. The intake and total digestibility of dry matter and nutrients were evaluated. In ruminal fluid, pH and N-NH3 were evaluated, and the concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol in the blood. There was no difference in dry matter and nutrient intake between treatments. No significant differences were observed in digestibility. There were no differences in ruminal parameters, pH and N-NH3. Plasma glucose concentration was higher when phosphatidylcholine was administered into the rumen compared with administration into the abomasum, while cholesterol concentration was lower. The second experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of mycotoxin adsorbent use on endotoxin control in cattle fed a high-starch diet. Four Jersey cattle (806 ± 45 kg) with ruminal cannulas were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. The treatments consisted of four adsorbent inclusion levels: 0 g/kg BW (control); 20 mg/kg body weight (BW); 40 mg/kg BW and 80 mg/kg BW. Each experimental period lasted 21 days, of which, in the first seventeen days, the steers were fed a maintenance diet consisting of a roughage:concentrate (R:C) ratio of 80:20 on a dry basis without the adsorbent. From the 18th to the 21st day, the animals received the adsorbent and a challenge diet with a R:C ratio of 30:70. Blood, ruminal fluid, and feces were collected for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) evaluation. The dietary change resulting in acidosis caused an increase in the endotoxin concentration in all samples evaluated. The use of the adsorbent showed a tendency to reduce the endotoxin concentration in ruminal fluid samples; however, it did not change the endotoxin concentration in plasma or feces. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese 2025-04-24T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8471 Title: β-mananase em dietas contendo grãos secos de destilaria de alta proteína para frangos de corte Autor: Casimiro, Lara Helena Primeiro orientador: Eyng, Cinthia Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of β-mannanase supplementation in diets containing high-protein dried distillers grains (HP-DDG) on performance, energy values, intestinal permeability, pancreatic enzyme and intestinal disaccharidase activities, serum biochemical parameters, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile of cecal contents in broiler chickens during the starter phase. A total of 72 one-day-old male Cobb 500® chicks were assigned to a completely randomized design with two treatments: diets containing 7.5% HPDDG, with or without β-mannanase. Performance was evaluated at 7 and 14 d. At the same periods, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), and metabolizability coefficients were determined. At 14 d, one bird per replicate was selected for blood collection for serum biochemical analysis, intestinal permeability assessment, SCFA (acetic and butyric acids) determination on cecal content, and pancreatic (amylase, lipase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin) and intestinal disaccharidase (maltase and sucrase) activity analyses. Data were subjected to analysis of variance after verification of residual normality by the Shapiro–Wilk test, adopting a 5% significance level. No differences (P>0.05) were observed between treatments for performance, energy values, intestinal permeability, enzyme activities, serum biochemical parameters, or SCFA profile. However, βmannanase supplementation resulted in a numerical increase of 53 kcal kg⁻¹ in AME. It is concluded that β-mannanase supplementation in diets containing HP-DDG does not affect performance or physiological parameters of broilers during the starter phase. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-02-20T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8395 Title: Farelo de semente de abacate desengordurado na dieta de frangos de corte Autor: Toniazzo , Gabrieli Primeiro orientador: Nunes , Ricardo Vianna Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate defatted avocado seed meal (DASM) in broiler diets. In Experiment I, the digestibility of DASM was assessed. For this purpose, 42 male Ross AP95 broilers, 10 days old, were distributed in a completely randomized design (CRD) with two treatments (reference diet – RD; and diet with 20% DASM – AD), seven replicates, and three birds per metabolic cage. After five days of adaptation and five days of total excreta collection, digestibility and metabolizability coefficients were determined. DASM had 87.77% dry matter (DM), 4.24% crude protein (CP), 15.96% crude fiber (CF), 19.26% acid detergent fiber (ADF), 26.93% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 10.63% lignin, and 38.54% starch, with gross energy (GE) of 3971 kcal/kg. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) was 1088.97 kcal/kg of DM, and the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) was 1070.20 kcal/kg of DM, with a metabolizability coefficient of 22.03%. Phenolic compounds such as catechin, epicatechin, phenolic acids, furan derivatives, and unsaturated fatty acids were identified. In Experiments II and III, the effects of DASM inclusion from 1 to 21 and from 1 to 42 days of age were evaluated. A total of 720 male Ross AP95 broilers were distributed in a CRD with five levels of DASM (0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0%), eight replicates, and 18 birds per experimental unit. The inclusion of DASM in the diets did not influence (P>0.05) feed intake, body weight, or broiler weight gain. However, feed conversion ratio showed linear and quadratic effects (P=0.0007). In the cecal content, acetic and propionic acid concentrations were not affected, whereas butyric acid increased linearly and quadratically (P=0.0001) with increasing DASM inclusion. Villus height, villus-to-crypt ratio, and absorption area were not affected (P>0.05), while crypt depth showed linear and quadratic responses (P=0.0060). Meat tenderness improved (P=0.0003) with increasing DASM inclusion, and cooking loss showed a quadratic effect (P=0.0012). The results indicate that DASM can be included in diets without compromising performance, health, or meat quality, and may contribute to increased production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and improved meat tenderness. At 42 days of age (Experiment III), DASM inclusion did not affect (P>0.05) bird performance. In the cecal content, linear and quadratic increases were observed in acetic acid (P=0.0009) and butyric acid (P=0.0001), while propionic acid remained unchanged (P=0.9397). In intestinal morphometry, villus height showed linear and quadratic effects (P=0.0010), crypt depth showed a quadratic effect (P=0.0337), villus-to-crypt ratio showed linear and quadratic effects (P=0.0084), and absorption area also showed a quadratic response (P=0.0021). Blood biochemical parameters were not affected (P>0.05). Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-12-17T00:00:00Z