https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/573 2026-06-16T16:19:46Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8462 Title: Bioinsumos na produção de mudas de oliveira: efeitos no enraizamento de estacas e no desenvolvimento em viveiro Autor: Vargas, Rodrigo José de Primeiro orientador: Villa, Fabíola Abstract: The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is predominantly propagated by cuttings, conventionally using indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) to induce rooting and sand as a substrate. The application of bioinputs based on plant growth-promoting microorganisms represents a potential alternative for improving rooting efficiency. This study was conducted to evaluate, in two experiments, the rooting capacity of olive cultivars using microbial biostimulants and the effect of different biostimulants on seedling development during the nursery phase. The first experiment, focused on cutting rooting, was carried out in October using four olive cultivars: Arbequina, Maria da Fé, Ascolano 315, and Koroneiki. Cuttings were prepared and placed in masonry beds containing sand as substrate under controlled humidity and temperature conditions. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 6 × 4 factorial scheme (six biostimulants × four cultivars), with four replications and 25 cuttings per replication, totaling 100 cuttings per treatment. In addition to the control treatment (T1, IBA only), treatments consisted of biostimulants associated with IBA, including three Bacillus species: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (T2), Bacillus licheniformis (T3), Bacillus subtilis (T4), Trichoderma harzianum (T5), and the commercial rooting product Bioraiz® (T6), all applied in liquid form to the substrate. Solutions were prepared according to the manufacturers’ recommendations, with a final volume of 3000 mL per treatment. Evaluations included rooting percentage, callus formation, and root system characteristics. The results indicated that the application of biostimulants enhanced rooting, with responses varying among cultivars. Increased rooting percentages were observed in the cultivars Maria da Fé, Ascolano 315, and Arbequina when treated with Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus spp. Callus formation, particularly in Arbequina, was greater in the presence of Trichoderma harzianum, suggesting that this microorganism induces physiological processes related to rhizogenesis and improves root emission. The second experiment was conducted using olive seedlings approximately one year old, derived from the rooting phase and maintained under 70% shading. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme (cultivars × biostimulants), with three replications per treatment and two plants per replication. Plant height, stem diameter, and SPAD index were measured monthly over four months. Destructive analyses were performed to determine fresh and dry biomass of shoots and roots. The results demonstrated that seedling responses to biostimulants depended on genotype and the type of product applied, indicating interaction between cultivar and treatment. The use of seaweed extract proved promising for cultivars such as Ascolano 315, promoting greater initial growth and root system expansion. The use of microbial bioinputs can contribute to improved rooting of cuttings and enhanced growth of olive seedlings under nursery conditions. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese 2026-03-26T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8433 Title: Bioprospecção de bactérias promotoras de crescimento vegetal e controle biológico de Fusarium sp. na região sul do Brasil Autor: Panzitta, Mercedes Belen Primeiro orientador: Guimaraes, Vandeir Francisco Abstract: Plants and bacteria coevolve and continuously interact, establishing symbiotic relationships that enhance nutrient uptake and plant protection through the activity of beneficial microorganisms, such as plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). These bacteria produce bioactive compounds that increase plant tolerance to stress and promote plant growth through both direct and indirect mechanisms, including pathogen suppression. Such characteristics enable the development of biofertilizers and biopesticides as sustainable alternatives to conventional chemical inputs. Within this context, this study evaluates the potential of plant growth– promoting bacteria as multifunctional bioinputs by investigating their ability to solubilize phosphorus and potassium, produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and exert biological control against Fusarium sp. in Southern Brazil. The research also identifies the predominant bacterial genera and species using mass spectrometry techniques and bioprospecting approaches, in addition to characterizing metabolic profiles associated with plant growth promotion. The results demonstrate a high potential of isolates belonging to the genera Bacillus and Paenibacillus, as well as promising performance of less explored species from the genera Microbacterium and Nocardioides. These findings highlight the importance of soil microorganism bioprospecting for the development of innovative and sustainable agricultural bioinputs. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-02-24T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8428 Title: Características agronômicas de cinco cultivares de soja em quatro densidades populacionais de plantas Autor: Muniz, Paulo Vitor Dallacort Primeiro orientador: Duarte Júnior, José Barbosa Abstract: Soybean is a globally important crop and the main oilseed cultivated worldwide, particularly in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different plant densities on the agronomic traits of soybean cultivars, as well as their performance under distinct population arrangements. The following agronomic traits were quantified: plant height, number of pods per plant, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications, arranged in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, consisting of five cultivars (NEO 590 I2X, DM 5961 I2X, CZ 15B99 I2X, CZ 16B12 I2X, and ST 616 I2X) and four plant densities (180,000; 240,000; 280,000; and 320,000 plants ha⁻¹). The cultivars showed different responses to plant density variation. Plant height increased with higher densities, associated with greater intraspecific competition for light. The number of pods per plant and thousand-grain weight tended to decrease at higher populations, indicating assimilate limitation per plant. Grain yield showed a non-linear response, with maximum values generally observed at intermediate densities, suggesting compensation between individual plant components and plant number per area. Responses varied among cultivars, resulting in a significant cultivar × density interaction. Moderate plant densities promoted a better balance between vegetative and reproductive growth, highlighting the need for cultivarspecific population recommendations to maximize yield performance. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-02-19T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8427 Title: Polissacarídeos de Pycnoporus sanguineus para indução de resistência em tomateiro contra Meloidogyne javanica Autor: Carmo, Rafaela Moreira do Primeiro orientador: Stangarlin, José Renato Abstract: Plant-parasitic nematodes, such as Meloidogyne spp., have limited tomato crop productivity. Some studies suggest the use of basidiomycete fungi, such as Pycnoporus sanguineus, as an alternative for nematode management. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of P. sanguineus polysaccharides (PPS) in inducing resistance in tomato plants against M. javanica. The study was conducted in three trials. In the initial trial, the most effective concentration for nematode control was determined, using six PPS concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg L⁻¹), and evaluating the number of galls and egg mass, egg viability, number of eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) in the soil and roots, and the reproduction factor. With the PPS concentration established in the first trial, the second trial aimed to determine the best method of PPS application. Based on the results of the first and second experiments, the third experiment used only the treatments most effective in controlling nematodes and examined the defense mechanisms involved in the induction of resistance: total phenolic compound content, the production of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and the superoxide anion (O₂⁻), and the activity of the enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. These latter assessments were conducted based on root sample collection at different time points following PPS application (zero (day of treatment), 3 (day of inoculation), 7, 11, 15, 19, and 23 days). The concentration with the highest control level was 500 mg L⁻¹, with reductions of up to 70% in eggs+J2 in the roots. Regarding application methods, the greatest control of nematodes occurred through spraying PPS on the aboveground parts of the plants, with reductions of 66% in eggs+J2 in the soil. Histological and biochemical analyses revealed increased cell wall thickness, which was linked to higher deposition of phenolic compounds and lignin, along with increases in polyphenol oxidase activity, indicating an induced defense response that acted primarily on the maintenance of nematode feeding sites. It is concluded that polysaccharides from P. sanguineus act as resistance inducers in tomato plants, reducing populations of the nematode M. javanica. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-02-12T00:00:00Z