https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/569 2026-10-10T00:32:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8666 Title: Efeitos da inclusão de diferentes níveis de fitase na alimentação de frangos de corte Autor: Costa, Ana Paula Guimarães Cruz Primeiro orientador: Nunes, Ricardo Vianna Abstract: Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of phytase in diets with reduced nutritional matrices or digestible amino acids, as well as to determine the bioavailability of phosphorus released by phytase on performance, bone mineralization, biochemical parameters, intestinal health, and carcass yield of broiler chickens. In the first experiment, seven treatments were evaluated in a completely randomized design, with eight replicates of 16 birds per experimental unit. Treatments included a basal control diet (meeting all nutritional requirements), a negative control diet with reductions of 0.15% calcium and phosphorus, 0.03% sodium, and 30 kcal kg⁻¹ of metabolizable energy, and five diets containing increasing phytase levels (500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 FTU/kg) added to the negative control. In the second experiment, seven treatments were evaluated in a completely randomized design, with six replicates of 16 birds per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of a diet deficient in available P, three levels of dicalcium phosphate supplementation (0.09%, 0.18%, and 0.27% available P), and three phytase supplementation levels (600, 1200, and 2400 FTU). In the third experiment, nine treatments were evaluated in a completely randomized design, with 10 replicates of 22 birds per experimental unit. Treatments included a positive control diet (minimum crude protein level), two negative controls (with reductions of 2% and 4% digestible amino acids, 0.15% calcium and phosphorus, and 15 kcal kg⁻¹ of metabolizable energy), and three phytase levels (500, 1000, and 2000 FTU/kg) applied to each negative control. Zootechnical performance and feed intake were recorded at 21 and 42 days in all three experiments. For intestinal histomorphometry, jejunal samples were collected at 21 and 42 days in the first experiment, and duodenal and jejunal samples at 21 and 43 days in the third experiment. Blood samples were collected at 21 and 42 days in the first experiment and at 35 days in the third, for analysis of biochemical parameters and enzymatic activity. Thigh samples were collected at 21 and 42 days in the first and second experiments to assess bone parameters. In the first experiment, a metabolism assay was carried out to evaluate the apparent digestibility of calcium, phosphorus, and metabolizable energy, and litter quality was analyzed at 40 days. In the third experiment, ileal content was collected at 21 days, while cecal content was collected at 21 and 35 days. Carcass yield was assessed at 42 and 43 days in the first and third experiments, respectively. In the first experiment, inclusion of up to 8000 FTU/kg of phytase maintained results similar to those of the positive control. In the second experiment, supplementation with up to 2400 FTU/kg increased the bioavailability of essential minerals, surpassing both deficient diets and diets supplemented with dicalcium phosphate, ensuring proper performance and bone development. In the third experiment, phytase improved performance and nutrient utilization in birds fed diets with reduced nutritional density, although doses above 1000 FTU/kg provided limited additional benefits. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese 2025-10-10T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8664 Title: Chromium-methionine and zinc-l-selenomethionine in diets of broiler chickens subjected or not to cyclic heat stress Autor: Tesser, Guilherme Luis Silva Primeiro orientador: Nunes, Ricardo Vianna Abstract: In this study, four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of graded inclusions of chromium-methionine (CrMet) or zinc-l-selenomethionine (Zn-L-SeMet) in diets of broiler chickens from 1 to 42 days of age subjected or not to cyclic heat stress (CHS) conditions and its effects on growth performance, cloacal temperatures, mortality, carcass and parts yield, liver and fat pad relative weights, plasma metabolites, enzymes, and hormones. Additionally, the study assessed the scores of incidence and severity of wooden breast (WB) and white striping (WS) myopathies in the breast muscle as well as breast meat quality, lipid peroxidation, chemical composition, and insulin-like growth factor and growth hormone receptor gene expression. For this purpose, two experiments were carried out (one for each mineral) where the animals were reared under thermoneutral (TN) conditions from 1 to 42 days of age, and another two experiments (one for each mineral) from 1 to 42 days of age, subjecting the animals to CHS conditions from 22 to 42 days of age. For each experiment, a total of 1,000 one-day-old male Cobb 500® broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design composed by 5 dietary treatments and 10 replicate pens (experimental units) with 20 animals per pen. The animals received food and water ad libitum throughout the experimental period. The experimental diets involving CrMet were formulated with similar inclusion levels for both TN and CHS experiments as follows: 0 (basal diet without CrMet inclusion); 0.25 (basal diet + 0.25 mg/CrMet/kg of feed); 0.50 (basal diet + 0.50 mg/CrMet/kg of feed); 1.0 (basal diet + 1.0 mg/CrMet/kg of feed); and 2.0 (basal diet + 2.0 mg/CrMet/kg of feed). Similarly, the experimental treatments regarding Zn-L-SeMet were formulated with similar inclusion levels for both TN and CHS conditions as follows: 0 (basal diet without Zn-L-SeMet inclusion); 0.13 (basal diet + 0.13 mg/Zn-L-SeMet/kg of feed); 0.23 (basal diet + 0.23 mg/Zn-L-SeMet/kg of feed); 0.47 (basal diet + 0.47 mg/ Zn-L-SeMet/kg of feed); and 1.30 (basal diet + 1.30 mg/Zn-L-SeMet/kg of feed). Based on the results of the experiments, for broilers reared under TN conditions the inclusion of 2.0 mg/CrMet/kg is recommended to improve FI and BWG from 1 to 42 days of age and reduce breast meat lightness, while inclusions of 1.04 and 1.0 mg/CrMet/kg reduced redness and total ash in the breast muscle, respectively. Considering the experiment evaluating Zn-L-SeMet, inclusions of 0.64, 0.78, and 1.05 mg/Zn-L-SeMet/kg are recommended to improve FI, BWG, and FCR from 1 to 42 days of age, respectively. In addition, the inclusion of 0.61 mg/Zn-L-SeMet/kg reduces blood creatinine, while TA content in the breast linearly decreases as Zn-L-SeMet levels increase. For broilers reared under CHS, the inclusion of 0.75 and 0.88 mg/CrMet/kg are recommended to improve FCR from 1 to 21 and 1 to 42 days of age, respectively. The inclusions of 0.25 and 2.0 mg/CrMet/kg are recommended to reduce mortality rate and blood triglycerides, respectively. Finally, the inclusion of 0.71 mg/Zn-LSeMet/kg is recommended to improve growth performance from 1 to 42 days of age and reduce the mortality rate. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese 2023-08-21T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8657 Title: Percepções sobre padrões de consumo alimentar em Santa Terezinha de Itaipu-PR e suas implicações para o desenvolvimento rural sustentável Autor: Leal, Márcia da Luz Primeiro orientador: Basso, Dirceu Abstract: This study aims to analyze the impact of food choices made by urban consumers in the municipality of Santa Terezinha de Itaipu on the sustainable rural development of the area's agricultural zones. In this context, it evaluates whether a concept of sustainability informs agricultural production, considering the latter's environmental influence and capacity to affect ecological balance while striving to meet the supply needs of all consumers. To this end, the study examines how consumers perceive the impact of social culture on food production, whether they recognize the environmental effects of consumption, and whether food costs influence their purchasing decisions. Furthermore, a questionnaire is used to identify the information sources and methods consumers employ when adopting new approaches to food purchasing. The methodology consists of exploratory research using a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative methods, with cross-sectional data collection covering 50 families living in five urban neighborhoods of the municipality. Data collection included the administration of a questionnaire, interviews, and the use of a field diary as a complementary instrument for recording observations and supporting data interpretation. The results reveal a diverse respondent profile, offering insights into food consumption patterns that are socially shaped by family-inherited habits, socioeconomic status, and gender. Regarding gender, 58% of respondents were women, and 76% of subjects stated that women are responsible for selecting the food to be consumed, making this a task primarily shouldered by women in most families. A large proportion of residents purchase food from local supermarkets, whose managers report sourcing supplies from the CEASA wholesale distribution centers. However, some residents also buy from local vendors and municipal farmers' markets, although there is little apparent concern regarding the environmental impact of food production. Sustainable rural development in Santa Terezinha de Itaipu will only reach its full potential when food choices are understood as the vital link connecting water and soil preservation to the health of the local families. This thesis concludes with an unequivocal call to action: for sustainability to exist in the region and the country, an attitude oriented toward sustainable development must, first and foremost, be cultivated and valued within the municipality's own borders. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese 2026-08-14T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8648 Title: Gestão hídrica e desenvolvimento rural sustentável: desenvolvimento de um sistema utilizando georreferenciamento e inteligência artificial para prevenção de erosão em mananciais de abastecimento público Autor: Ribeiro, Alison Antony Primeiro orientador: Corrêia, Arlindo Fabrício Abstract: The intensification of agricultural land use in rural watersheds has increased erosion processes and compromised the quality and availability of water resources, especially in areas dominated by family farming. The aim of this thesis is to develop and validate an integrated methodology based on aerial photogrammetry using Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS), geoprocessing, derived attributes calculated from RGB orthomosaics, artificial intelligence, and independent validation using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), with the goal of identifying areas susceptible to erosion, simulating environmental restoration scenarios, and informing strategies for water management and sustainable rural development. The study was conducted in a 59.24-hectare area located in one of the headwaters of Arroio Fundo, a public water source for the municipality of Marechal Cândido Rondon (PR), situated on the border with the municipality of Quatro Pontes, in western Paraná. The methodology involved the acquisition of multitemporal aerial images via UAV with a spatial resolution of 3.7 cm/pixel, the development of an automated computational pipeline for photogrammetric processing, the generation of derived attributes, the preparation of data for training the neural network, and the semantic classification of land use and land cover. For land use and land cover classification, a U-Net-type convolutional neural network was used, optimized through data augmentation and class weighting strategies, and subsequently integrated with topographic variables to model erosion risk using map algebra. The consistency of the results was verified using the RUSLE. The results of the current scenario assessment (2025) showed that 60.31% of the study area is at high risk of erosion, with 1.61 hectares of active erosion processes identified, for which the average soil loss estimated by RUSLE reached 114.52 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. The simulation of the prospective scenario (2035) indicated that the full restoration of Permanent Preservation Areas could completely eliminate areas at critical risk and reduce high-risk areas by 72.8%, with a 319.9% increase in low-risk areas. The proposed integrated methodology is a technical tool with low operational costs, based primarily on free and open-source software, with the potential to be replicated by municipal technical teams and research institutions in similar rural contexts, contributing to territorial planning geared toward sustainable rural development. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese 2026-05-22T00:00:00Z