https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/568 2026-09-12T09:54:33Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8648 Title: Gestão hídrica e desenvolvimento rural sustentável: desenvolvimento de um sistema utilizando georreferenciamento e inteligência artificial para prevenção de erosão em mananciais de abastecimento público Autor: Ribeiro, Alison Antony Primeiro orientador: Corrêia, Arlindo Fabrício Abstract: The intensification of agricultural land use in rural watersheds has increased erosion processes and compromised the quality and availability of water resources, especially in areas dominated by family farming. The aim of this thesis is to develop and validate an integrated methodology based on aerial photogrammetry using Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS), geoprocessing, derived attributes calculated from RGB orthomosaics, artificial intelligence, and independent validation using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), with the goal of identifying areas susceptible to erosion, simulating environmental restoration scenarios, and informing strategies for water management and sustainable rural development. The study was conducted in a 59.24-hectare area located in one of the headwaters of Arroio Fundo, a public water source for the municipality of Marechal Cândido Rondon (PR), situated on the border with the municipality of Quatro Pontes, in western Paraná. The methodology involved the acquisition of multitemporal aerial images via UAV with a spatial resolution of 3.7 cm/pixel, the development of an automated computational pipeline for photogrammetric processing, the generation of derived attributes, the preparation of data for training the neural network, and the semantic classification of land use and land cover. For land use and land cover classification, a U-Net-type convolutional neural network was used, optimized through data augmentation and class weighting strategies, and subsequently integrated with topographic variables to model erosion risk using map algebra. The consistency of the results was verified using the RUSLE. The results of the current scenario assessment (2025) showed that 60.31% of the study area is at high risk of erosion, with 1.61 hectares of active erosion processes identified, for which the average soil loss estimated by RUSLE reached 114.52 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. The simulation of the prospective scenario (2035) indicated that the full restoration of Permanent Preservation Areas could completely eliminate areas at critical risk and reduce high-risk areas by 72.8%, with a 319.9% increase in low-risk areas. The proposed integrated methodology is a technical tool with low operational costs, based primarily on free and open-source software, with the potential to be replicated by municipal technical teams and research institutions in similar rural contexts, contributing to territorial planning geared toward sustainable rural development. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese 2026-05-22T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8643 Title: Farinha de larvas da mosca soldado-negro (Hermetia illucens) na dieta de alevinos de Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) Autor: Rossato, Katsciane Aparecida Primeiro orientador: Eyng, Cinthia Abstract: Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (BSLF) has stood out as an alternative ingredient in fish diets due to its high protein, lipid, and mineral content. However, there are still no studies with native Brazilian species, such as the jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). This thesis is structured in two chapters. Chapter I evaluates the zootechnical performance and body composition of jundiá fry fed diets containing levels of BSLF meal, and Chapter II verifies the effects of inclusion on the biochemical and hematological profile, as well as intestinal and hepatic histological alterations. For the collection of experimental data for both chapters, 240 fry (1.94 ± 0.02 g) were used, distributed in a water recirculation system with 20 experimental units, with individual oxygenation, interconnected to each other and to a mechanical filter and a biological filter. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments (diets with 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%, and 6.0% inclusion of BSLF) and four replicates. The fish were fed for 87 days. To evaluate the productive performance of the animals, at the end of the experiment all animals were fasted for 24 hours, anesthetized, weighed, and measured. Five animals from each experimental unit were then used to determine body composition (moisture, protein, ether extract, and mineral matter). Blood biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters were also evaluated in the same fish. The results were subjected to analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA), followed by Tukey's multiple mean comparison test, with a probability level of 5%. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the inclusion of 3% BSLF provided greater final weight, weight gain, daily weight gain, body size, better condition factor and specific growth rate, as well as a higher hepatosomatic index (P<0.05), compared to fish that received the diet without the inclusion of the flour and those that received the diet containing the highest level of inclusion, equaling the other treatments. The parameters of feed conversion, feed efficiency and survival were not influenced (P>0.05) by the inclusion of BSLF in the fish diet, as well as the body chemical composition. Therefore, the inclusion of up to 3% BSLF as an alternative ingredient in the formulation of diets for jundiá fry is recommended. Regarding the biochemical and hematological profile of the animals' blood, the results obtained showed that the inclusion of BSLF flour does not alter the analyzed parameters, indicating stability in the evaluated indices (P>0.05). In the histological evaluation, the length of the intestinal villi remained stable between treatments, suggesting an absence of morphofunctional impairments. Regarding the liver, mild to moderate alterations were observed, including fatty degeneration and discrete nonspecific inflammatory infiltrates. Therefore, the inclusion of up to 6% black soldier fly larvae meal in the diet of jundiá fry proved to be safe, not compromising the metabolic, hematological health or histological integrity of the species. In general, the inclusion of up to 3% of BSLF in the diets of jundiá fry is recommended for better productive performance, guaranteeing the metabolic, hematological health and intestinal histological integrity of the species. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese 2025-12-15T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8640 Title: Políticas ambientais, hídricas e sustentabilidade na tríplice fronteira do Alto Rio Solimões Autor: Silva, Edson Luis de Carvalho Primeiro orientador: Roesler, Marli Renate von Borstel Abstract: Water management in the tri-border region of Brazil, Colombia, and Peru presents a significant challenge, particularly given the abundant water resources of the Amazon Basin and the social, environmental, and institutional complexities involved. Despite the abundance of water resources, the region suffers from structural problems such as a lack of basic sanitation, unplanned urban expansion, pollution of water bodies, and vulnerability to extreme weather events. The relevance of the topic is grounded in its direct contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), which addresses access to clean and safe water; SDG 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing), by highlighting health risks; SDG 13 (Climate Action), given the vulnerability of communities to extreme events; and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), by reinforcing the importance of international and inter-institutional cooperation in the shared management of water resources. This study aimed to understand the multiple uses of water and its management in the Upper Solimões River region, taking into account the specific characteristics of the three countries involved. The institutional and legal frameworks were analyzed, identifying the actors and social relations that make up the water management network, and the nature of shared uses was evaluated. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach, with an exploratory and descriptive nature. A case study was adopted as the technical procedure, focusing on the municipalities of Tabatinga, Benjamin Constant, and Atalaia do Norte (Brazil), Leticia (Colombia), and Islândia/Santa Rosa Island (Peru). Data collection was carried out in three stages: a review of literature and documents; the identification of local actors and institutions; and in-depth interviews with water management stakeholders. The results demonstrate that, although the Alto Solimões region possesses abundant water resources, it faces serious challenges regarding integrated resource management. An absence of effective governance mechanisms and a deficiency in institutional coordination among the three countries were observed. Environmental management is fragmented, with limited civil society participation and strong pressure on natural resources from private sectors such as fishing. It was found that riverine communities depend directly on water bodies for consumption, hygiene, production, and transport, yet they contend with pollution and waterborne diseases. The thesis concludes that water resource management in the tri-border area requires a cooperative, transboundary approach, involving institutional strengthening, integration among stakeholders, and investment in infrastructure and environmental education. Social participation and the recognition of local knowledge are key elements for the region's water sustainability. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese 2025-09-09T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8639 Title: Extrato de Macleya cordata na dieta de frangos de corte desafiados por Eimeria spp. Autor: Oliveira, Jamile Maria de Primeiro orientador: Eyng, Cinthia Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a phytogenic additive extracted from Macleaya cordata in the diets of broiler chickens subjected to a vaccination challenge against Eimeria spp. (a dose 20 times higher than the recommended at 14 days of age), on zootechnical performance, intestinal morphometry, intestinal lesion scores, histopathological changes, intestinal permeability, energy and nutrient digestibility, carcass and cut yields, and immune system parameters. A total of 800 one-day-old male chicks were allotted in a completely randomized design with five treatments and eight replicates. The treatments consisted of a diet without additive and without challenge; a diet without additive and with challenge; and three diets with inclusion levels of the additive (50, 100, and 150 g ton⁻¹ of feed) in challenged birds. At 19 days of age, three birds per replicate were euthanized for measurement of morphometry, lesion score, histopathology, intestinal permeability, determination of serum cytokine and immunoglobulin A levels, and digestibility of digesta. At 42 days of age, two birds per replicate were euthanized for evaluation of carcass and cut yields. Parametric data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test, and nonparametric data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test, considering significant differences at P < 0.05. Over the entire experimental period, there were no differences in zootechnical performance (P > 0.05) among the challenged treatments. The nonchallenged birds showed greater (P < 0.05) weight gain compared with the challenged birds that consumed 150 g ton⁻¹ of the additive. For intestinal permeability, non-challenged birds showed lower permeability (P < 0.05), differing from birds that consumed 50 and 100 g ton⁻¹ of the additive. Non-challenged birds had higher digestible protein content (P = 0.0001). For lesion scores in the duodenum, the non-challenged birds and birds from the treatments with 50 and 100 g ton⁻¹ of the additive had lower mean lesion scores (P = 0.0001). In the jejunum, birds receiving 150 g ton⁻¹ of the additive did not present grade-2 lesions (P = 0.0001). In the ileum, birds receiving 100 g ton⁻¹ of the additive showed grade‑3 lesions (P = 0.0001). In the histopathological analysis, non‑challenged birds showed (P < 0.05) lower thickness and less inflammatory infiltration in the lamina propria. Birds that received 150 g ton⁻¹ of the additive showed greater enterocyte proliferation (P = 0.016) compared with birds that received 50 g ton⁻¹, and a lower presence of goblet cells (P = 0.0001) compared with the other treatments. Furthermore, birds that received 50 g ton⁻¹ of the extract in the feed showed greater congestion (P = 0.0001) compared with birds in the negative and positive control treatments. Non‑challenged birds showed a lower total histopathological score compared with challenged birds (P < 0.05). No differences (P > 0.05) were observed for the remaining evaluated parameters. It is concluded that the inclusion of up to 150 g ton⁻¹ of the additive in the diet of broiler chickens subjected to a challenge by Eimeria spp. does not alter performance, intestinal morphometry, or carcass yield. Inclusion of up to 100 g ton⁻¹ of the additive improves lesion scores in the duodenal segment, whereas the dose of 150 g ton⁻¹ of the additive confers an intestinal epithelium that is less susceptible to damage caused by Eimeria spp. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese 2025-11-14T00:00:00Z