https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/526 2026-10-02T18:59:09Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8671 Title: Codigestão anaeróbia de lixiviado de aterro sanitário com lodo flotado de agroindústria para produção de biogás Autor: Dechechi, Fernanda Gomes Primeiro orientador: Gotardo, Jackeline Tatiane Abstract: Sanitary landfill leachate, commonly known as “leachate”, exhibits high diversity and complexity in its pollutant load, making it difficult to apply a single treatment method. To prevent environmental impacts associated with its discharge into water bodies or soil, leachate must undergo complete treatment. In turn, centrifuged floated sludge, an effluent generated in agro industrial wastewater treatment, poses the challenge of being produced in large volumes, resulting in significant costs for disposal and transport to licensed facilities. Due to these characteristics, both effluents motivated the investigation of anaerobic co-digestion for biogas production, fostering the development of sustainable alternatives for treatment and clean energy generation. The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of organic matter removal and biogas production from sanitary landfill leachate co-digested with centrifuged floated sludge from an agro-industrial complex in batch reactors, aiming at energy recovery. The research was divided into three phases: Phase 1: batch reactor using the Ritter fermentation system; Phase 2: batch reactor in BOD bottles; and Phase 3: batch reactor in a shaker. In all phases, the residues were collected and their physicochemical characteristics analyzed, as well as the mixtures of each reactor before incubation and at the end of the predetermined period. An experimental design was developed for Phases 1 and 2. Eleven reactors were incubated at 37ºC for approximately 60 days or until accumulated biogas production fell below 1%. The pH was adjusted before incubation, according to the central composite rotational design (CCRD), along with the proportions of the studied residues. Statistical analyses were applied to the results, and in Phase 2 it was possible to optimize the model. To validate the optimal point, the parameters obtained were applied to batch reactors operated on a shaker (Phase 3). Phase 1 showed that the test reactor containing centrifuged floated sludge performed better than the reactor with non-centrifuged floated sludge for the response variable (COD removal). Thus, centrifuged floated sludge was selected as the essential co-substrate for the experimental design in Phase 2. In Phase 2, among all reactors in the experimental design, Reactor 6 achieved the highest COD removal (73.73% for centrifuged COD and 84.38% for filtered COD), operating with 95% leachate and pH 7.5. For methane production, the central points of the design showed the highest values, approximately 7.5 L CH₄/L reactor, with parameters of 97.5% leachate and pH 7.5. The reactor containing only leachate (Reactor 5) and the test reactors with only centrifuged floated sludge or distilled water (Reactors 19 and 20) did not show significant results, confirming the advantage of co digestion over mono-digestion. Model optimization indicated 96.3% landfill leachate and pH 7.7 as the optimal independent variables, predicting 6.76 L CH₄/L reactor. After operating the Phase 3 reactor, methane production exceeded expectations, reaching 10.01 L CH₄/L reactor. In conclusion, the co-digestion of sanitary landfill leachate with centrifuged floated sludge from poultry processing contributes to advances in clean and renewable energy research, supporting energy autonomy through biogas production. Finally, for real-scale application, obtaining seasonal operational data from a pilot-scale reactor is recommended to generate a robust database and increase confidence in system design. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-08-25T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8670 Title: Padrões de potabilidade, para Agrotóxicos e metabólitos em água, em estados de Santa Catarina, Paraná e Mato Grosso Do Sul Autor: Lacerda, Diogo Müller Primeiro orientador: Gotardo, Jackeline Tatiane Abstract: Identifying and assessing the quality of drinking water is of great importance for understanding the current state of the water consumed. The use of pesticides and other contaminants is one of the main tools used in the current Brazilian agricultural model. They tend to accumulate, and their residues can reach surface waters. The intensive use of these mechanisms is associated with health problems for the population and environmental degradation. Currently, the most widely used pesticides in agriculture are organophosphates and carbamates, which have very efficient insecticide activity due to their characteristic of inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in the nervous system, which achieves its objective in insects but can also act on mammals, thus characterizing a problem for living beings. In this context, some legislation provides limitations aimed at controlling these contaminants. CONAMA resolution No. 357 of 2005 defines and classifies water suitable for human consumption, delimiting criteria for organic and inorganic compounds. Law No. 7,802 of July 11, 1989, defines pesticides as: “Products and agents of physical, chemical or biological processes for use in the cultivation, storage and processing of agricultural products”. In addition to CONAMA resolution No. 357, another important regulation that came into force in 2021 was Ordinance GM/MS No. 888, which establishes procedures for controlling and monitoring the quality of water for human consumption and its potability standard. This Ordinance establishes specific maximum residue limits (MRLs) for 54 contaminants. A statistical study was carried out in the databases of the A3Q Laboratory, located in the city of Cascavel/PR, a laboratory with national operations and a reference in environmental analysis, in order to identify contamination in water samples, analyzing requests related to CONAMA ORDINANCE 357 and GM/MS 888, in the period between January 2021 and August 2023. More than 10,000 requests were evaluated in the most varied compounds, being filtered and organized according to the interest of the study. In this context, this work aimed to study and evaluate, through monitoring patterns of organic compounds, the possible contamination of water in river basins in the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Mato Grosso do Sul, based on the identification of potability patterns. These were spatially distributed in the states of interest. The quantities of requests and main cities of the states mentioned were mapped. Basic descriptive statistical evaluation of the database was carried out, providing relevant information for the study and for new future evaluations. The results demonstrated that residues of highly toxic organic compounds, such as organophosphates and carbamates, were detected in the evaluated matrices, indicating environmental and public health risks. The presence of these compounds reinforces the need for policies, monitoring and sustainable management of water resources, as well as the importance and application of conscious use practices. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-02-13T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8517 Title: Secagem de folhas de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) por micro-ondas: avaliação dos parâmetros de cor e perfil de fitoquímicos Autor: Rota, Leonardo Henrique Primeiro orientador: Coelho, Silvia Renata Machado Abstract: This study evaluated the drying of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) leaves by microwave-assisted heating, with the aim of assessing the feasibility of microwave drying for yerba mate leaves and investigating its impact on the physicochemical quality and bioactive compound profile of the final product. Initially, fresh leaves were characterized in terms of their morphological and physicochemical properties. Drying experiments were carried out in a domestic microwave oven, operating under different combinations of power and drying time. To evaluate the experimental conditions, a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) 2² was employed, including axial points and replicates at the center point. Color parameters were determined using the CIE Lab* colorimetric system, and hue, chroma, and total color difference (ΔE) were subsequently calculated. Bioactive compounds were extracted by an aqueous method and quantified for caffeine, theobromine, and chlorogenic acid content by high performance liquid chromatography. Total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were also determined using the DPPH method. Using regression coefficient analysis, the effects of microwave power and drying time were evaluated on the following responses: final moisture content, color parameters, bioactive compound profile, antioxidant activity, and effective energy consumption. It was observed that increasing the applied power resulted in a significant reduction in drying time and in the final moisture content of the leaves. Significant effects of power and drying time were observed on moisture content, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and energy consumption, whereas color parameters showed smaller variations under optimized conditions when compared to conventional industrial drying. Based on the response surfaces obtained, process optimization was performed using the desirability function, allowing the identification of operating conditions capable of maximizing the preservation of bioactive compounds and minimizing energy consumption. The optimal drying condition was determined at a microwave power of 850 W and a drying time of 285 s. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-02-26T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8281 Title: Codigestão anaeróbia de esgoto sanitário, lixiviado de aterro sanitário e glicerina bruta: da seleção de proporções ao desempenho em reator de leito fixo. Autor: Pedroso, Gustavo Henrique Primeiro orientador: Gotardo, Jackeline Tatiane Abstract: Waste disposal and energy recovery has become a global priority, so landfills and Anaerobic Digestion (AD) have been frequently mentioned as options. Furthermore, AD allows biogas production, while landfills intrinsically generate leachate, an effluent difficult to be treated biologically, then, Anaerobic Co-digestion (AcoD) comes as a viable solution. Sustainability, generation volume, and composition are key-factors to be considered when selecting effluents for AcoD application. Thus, this study aimed at using Municipal Wastewater (MWW), Landfill Leachate (LL), and Crude Glycerin (CG) from biodiesel production as substrates for AcoD, evaluated in two phases. Phase 1 involved batch tests using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), while Phase 2 involved the use of a Fixed-Bed Anaerobic Reactor (FBAR) under continuous operation. Acetic and propionic acids were predominant in both phases, but the inhibition associated with propionic acid occurred due to accumulation only in Phase 1. In this phase, an optimal point of 8.584% LL, 3.376% CG, and 88.041% MWW was obtained by optimizing the response-variables: soluble COD removal (%), methane production (mL NCH4.⋅LREACTOR−1), and the Volatile Fatty Acids/Total Alkalinity (VFA/TA) ratio at the end of the experiment. Experimental validation from the optimal point in Phase 1 failed to confirm the predicted results, thereby invalidated the optimized point. However, the objective of maximizing methane production was achieved with a yield of 329.08 mL NCH4.g sCODremoved−1. This has shown that the determined ratio represents a promising mixture. In Phase 2, the mixture identified in the previous phase was evaluated in a FBAR at three different Hydraulic Retention Times (HRTs): 10, 5, and 1.9 days. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated that the optimal HRT for FBAR operation with the influent composition (8.584% LL, 3.376% CG, and 88.041% MWW) was five days. This condition achieved average total and soluble COD removal of 91%, associated with an average methane yield of 238 mL NCH4.g CODremoved−1, under stable operation (VFA/TA < 0.4). Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-11-18T00:00:00Z