https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/504 2026-08-12T04:33:22Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8601 Title: Modulação dos processos inflamatórios e da morfofisiologia periarticular promovida pelo treinamento resistido preventivo em modelo experimental de artrite reumatoide Autor: Silva, Flávia Heloísa da Primeiro orientador: Bertolini, Gladson Ricardo Flor Abstract: Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune, and systemic inflammatory disease, characterized by joint inflammation that causes progressive degradation of joint and periarticular tissues, resulting in pain, stiffness, and functional loss. Associative complementary strategies, such as resistance training, have been explored due to their potential benefits in reducing inflammation and improving patient functionality. However, protocols are applied after the onset of RA symptoms, when the inflammatory process and tissue degradation are already advanced, and little is known about their prophylactic effects. Objective: To analyze the effects of resisted stair climbing exercise (TRSE), as a prophylactic strategy to reduce the inflammatory process and morphofunctional damage in periarticular tissues, in an experimental model of RA. Methods: For this purpose, 34 Wistar rats, with an initial age of 12 weeks, were distributed into four experimental groups: control group (GC, n=9), arthritis group (GA, n=9), exercise group (GE, n=8), and exercise + arthritis group (GEA, n=8). The animals in the exercise groups underwent progressive intensity and volume TRSE for nine weeks, configuring a high-intensity protocol, and were subjected to it before the induction of RA, which was promoted through intra-articular administration of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). To measure the edema and functionality of the affected limb, five assessments were performed: joint diameter, joint disability, grip strength, nociceptive sensitivity, and motor function. The animals were euthanized in the 11th week of the experiment by a CO2 and guillotine associative method. The following was collected: synovial fluid, for leukocyte migration analysis; peritoneal lavage, for macrophage counting and function analysis; plasma and lymph node, for oxidative system enzyme analysis; the rectus femoris muscle, for histomorphometric and histopathological analyses, fiber typing, histochemistry of the Neuromuscular Junctions – NMJs, and oxidative stress biomarkers. For statistical analysis, the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was used, through the JAMOVI Program, with a significance level of p<0.05, using post-hoc tests, Tukey, or Bonferroni adjustment. Results: The TRSE promoted the reduction of the inflammatory process, oxidative stress, histopathological index, and intramuscular connective tissue of the rectus femoris in the GEA group, when compared to the GA group. In some markers, such as TNF-α, muscular IL1-β, and plasma SOD activity, there was no difference between the GEA and GE groups. The similarity of superoxide levels, macrophage count, and lysosomal retention between the GEA and GC groups, associated with the reduction of H2O2, NO, and macrophage adhesion rate in the peritoneal lavage, suggests modulation of systemic inflammation by TRSE. However, these outcomes were not reflected in a significant improvement in the functional outcomes assessed. Conclusion: High-intensity preventive TRSE showed a limited protective effect, with a reduction in inflammatory and oxidative markers, partially preserving the morphology of the rectus femoris muscle, without significant functional repercussions. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese 2026-03-20T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8600 Title: A saúde mental de professores de uma escola estadual do Paraná: contribuições da aplicação de técnicas da terapia cognitivo comportamental Autor: Pereira, Elso Alves Primeiro orientador: Machineski, Gicelle Galvan Abstract: Educators face significant challenges that can impact their mental health, including depression, anxiety, stress and emotional difficulties resulting from pressure in the school environment. Health and illness are multifaceted concepts that involve not only physical aspects, but emotional, social and psychological ones. In the educational context, illness can manifest itself in different ways, directly affecting the quality of life of teachers and, consequently, the school environment. This study aimed to identify whether group therapy techniques can reduce levels of stress, anxiety and depression among teachers in the state education system. This is an integrative literature review and descriptive case study field research, carried out in a state school in the city of Cascavel – PR. The integrative literature review was carried out in the Virtual Health Library databases, from July to August 2023, using complete research, in Portuguese, published between 2010 and 2023, with the following descriptors: education, mental health, teachers and Boolean ANDThe studies were organized into synoptic tables containing authors, year, title, methodology and results and classified according to the level of evidence. Being analyzed according to the literature on the subject. The following themes were identified: stress, anxiety and depression among teachers, excessive workload, depersonalization, mental fatigue, lack of recognition. The field research, descriptive of the case study type, was carried out with five readapted teachers from a state school in Western Paraná, from July to September 2022. To this end, all 20 teachers from the school were invited to participate and it was An instrument of questions was applied via Google Forms with the Mental Health Status Questionnaire, in order to identify teachers with some type of mental suffering between regular and very bad, who were invited to participate in the research. Of these, five teachers accepted. The psychological assessment instruments (BFP), Baptista Depression Scale Adult Version (EBADEP-A), and the Brief Symptom and Intervention Inventory (BSI) were then applied. From that moment on, group therapy meetings were held and, at the end, the aforementioned instruments were reapplied. The data obtained was systematized on computerized platforms and described. The study sample was five women, between 44 and 54 years old, with significant professional experience in public education, with ten group therapy meetings lasting 50 minutes. The analysis was carried out after corrections to the instruments, and their scores were displayed in comparative tables. The study findings indicate a reduction in levels of depression, anxiety and stress. These results highlight the importance of psychological support strategies in the educational environment, showing that promoting mental health among teachers is essential not only for the well-being of these professionals, but also for the quality of education offered to students. It is important to emphasize the need for more research and interventions aimed at the mental health of educators, recognizing education as a pillar for social development, but which must be accompanied by psychological support to guarantee the health of its professionals. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2024-09-03T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8566 Title: O nervo vago influencia o eixo hepcidina-ferro e a histologia do tecido esplênico em ratos Wistar obesos e não obesos induzidos à anemia hemolítica. Autor: Helene, Eveline Cristiane Batista Schmidt Primeiro orientador: Grassiolli, Sabrina Abstract: Introduction: The spleen plays a central role in immune responses and iron recycling through the reticuloendothelial system. Obesity exerts deleterious effects on splenic metabolic and immune activities, as well as on the regulation of endogenous iron, thereby favoring the development of anemia. In this context, the low-grade chronic inflammation characteristic of obesity has been associated with disruption of iron homeostasis, a process that appears to involve alterations in the secretion of hepcidin, the principal hormone regulating systemic iron flow. The parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, via Vagus Nerve (VN), exerts an anti-inflammatory effect that depends on splenic activity. However, whether this VN-spleen interface modulates iron homeostasis remains unclear. Objective: To evaluate the effects of VN absence on the splenic histology of obese and non-obese rodents induced to hemolytic anemia by phenylhydrazine. Methods: Male Wistar rats were rendered obese through hypothalamic injury induced by subcutaneous administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG; 4 g/kg) from postnatal day 2 to 10 (PND 2–10). Control rats (CTRL) received an equimolar saline solution. On PND 60, MSG (n=32) and CTRL (n=32) rats were randomly assigned into subgroups (n=16) according to the surgical procedures: subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (SV) or sham operation (SHAM). On PND 90, half of the animals in each group (n=8) were induced to hemolytic anemia by intraperitoneal administration of phenylhydrazine (PHZ; 40 mg/kg). On PND 120, animals were weighed and euthanized; whole blood was collected for plasma analysis, including iron and hepcidin quantification. Retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) was excised and weighed. The spleen was harvested, weighed, and stored for histological analysis to assess area and morphological aspects of the White Pulp (WP), including the Lymphoid Nodule (LN) and Marginal Zone (MZ), as well as Red Pulp (RP) area. Results: MSG-treated animals developed obesity, associated with hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance (IR), and decreased circulating iron and hepcidin concentrations, along with reduced spleen weight, decreased WP and RP areas, and increased iron deposition compared to CTRL rats. In both CTRL and MSG groups, SV reduced body weight and adiposity and increased stomach weight. In the CTRLSV group, worsened TG and IR were observed, accompanied by reduced plasma hepcidin levels and increased hemosiderin deposits in splenic tissue. In CTRLPHZ animals, spleen weight was increased, with no significant histological changes, except for a reduced number of WP per field due to PHZ. However, in MSGSV animals, TG levels decreased, IR and fasting glycemia improved, and plasma hepcidin concentration increased – an effect enhanced in the MSGSV+PHZ group. The area and number of WP per field were greater in the MSGSV group. MSGPHZ rats exhibited splenomegaly and increased hemosiderin deposition, with a reduction in LN area and an increase in RP area. Conclusion: Rats with hypothalamic obesity present alterations in the hepcidin-iron axis, with greater splenic iron accumulation. The absence of vagal signaling increases iron deposition in splenic tissue and exerts opposite effects on hepcidin concentration in healthy and obese rats. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-05-15T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8564 Title: Impactos do exercício físico contra resistido de salto em meio aquático em modelo experimental de artrite reumatoide associada à periodontite Autor: Schnaufer, Thaís Caroline Primeiro orientador: Nassar, Patrícia Oehlmeyer Abstract: Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases that share similar immune-inflammatory mechanisms. The bidirectional relationship between these diseases involves genetic, environmental, and immune inflammatory factors, contributing to systemic exacerbation. Furthermore, not all alterations associated with RA are reversed by pharmacological treatment, and in periodontitis, physical exercise has shown potential as a complementary strategy. In this context, resistance exercise in an aquatic environment emerges as a promising approach due to its potential immunomodulatory effects. Objective: To analyze the impacts of an aquatic resisted jumping exercise protocol as a complementary strategy for minimizing inflammatory, tissue, and functional damage caused by the simultaneous presence of experimentally induced rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis in Wistar rats. Methodology: Forty-six male Wistar rats were distributed into six groups: control group (CG, n=7), exercise group (EXG, n=8), periodontitis group (PG, n=8), rheumatoid arthritis group (RAG, n=8), periodontitis + rheumatoid arthritis group (PRAG, n=7), periodontitis + rheumatoid arthritis + exercise group (PRAEXG, n=8). RA was induced by inoculation of Freund’s Complete Adjuvant, and periodontitis was induced by ligature placement. Eight assessments of nociceptive threshold and joint diameter were performed. After 22 days, the animals were euthanized, and synovial fluid from the right knee was collected for analysis of total leukocyte count and IL-17. The left hemimandibles and right knee joints were collected and processed for histomorphometric analysis. Results: The RA-induced groups showed an increase in joint diameter, confirming the onset of the disease. However, PRAEXG showed a significant reduction in diameter as early as EV4, whereas the PRAG showed a reduction only starting at EV5. Regarding leukocyte migration, althought there was no statistically significant difference, the PRAG presented a higher number of leukocytes compared to PRAEXG, however, no difference was observed in IL-17 expression. The nociceptive threshold decreased in the RA groups; however, the PRAEXG showed an increase at EV5, whereas the PRAG did not show a significant increase throughout the evaluation period. In the synovial membrane score analysis, the RA groups presented higher scores; however, morphologically, the PRAG showed clusters of inflammatory cells, a feature that was absent in the exercise group. In the histometric of the hemimandibles, the groups with periodontitis showed alveolar bone resorption; however, the PRAEXG presented the lowest value for the distance between the alveolar bone crest and the cementoenemal junction, as well as a lower number of osteoclasts compared to the PRAG group. Conclusion: Although some variables did not show a statistically significant difference, aquatic resisted jumping exercise had positive impacts, particularly in reducing edema and increasing the nociceptive threshold, suggesting its potential as a complementary strategy in the management of these chronic inflammatory conditions. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese 2026-03-06T00:00:00Z