https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/502 2026-11-06T16:05:07Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8726 Title: Perda de força muscular do assoalho pélvico em portadoras de câncer de mama e mecanismos moleculares associados Autor: Silva, Cristiane Dallastra Candido da Primeiro orientador: Ribeiro, Lucinéia de Fátima Chasko Abstract: Breast cancer is the neoplasm that most affects women worldwide, in both developed and developing countries. Among the risk factors are hereditary, genetic, and environmental factors, with exposure to pesticides being correlated with an increased probability of disease development. Due to its inflammatory and systemic nature, survivors may develop new diseases or dysfunctions. Evidence demonstrates that breast cancer patients present loss of muscle strength, including that of the pelvic floor (PF). Pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and oxidative stress metabolites participate in the molecular mechanisms associated with this loss. Although there is no direct established correlation between elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and specific weakness of PF muscles, it is plausible that similar mechanisms affect this musculature given its composition and function. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize pelvic floor muscle strength in breast cancer patients and investigate the clinical profile and associated molecular markers. The sample consisted of a total of 122 participants with infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) treated at the 8th Regional Health Unit of Paraná – Brazil. After collecting sociodemographic data, clinical and gynecological data, and occupational pesticide exposure, pelvic floor muscle strength was measured through perineometry tests, with reference values between 0 and 46.4 mmHg, and bidigital palpation through pelvic floor assessment (PFA) with a scale between 0 and 5. Plasma levels of TNF-α and oxidative stress levels were quantified through lipoperoxide measurements by high sensitivity chemiluminescence, as well as levels of nitric oxide metabolites (NOx). Quantitative variables were evaluated with appropriate statistical tests, using GraphPad Prism 9.0, RStudio, and SPSS software, and p-values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Pelvic floor muscle strength of 73.8% of women was classified as mild to moderate through perineometry, and 61.5% of women had weak and non-resistant perineal function through PFA. A negative correlation was observed between perineometry values and TNF-α and NOx, indicating worse pelvic floor muscle conditions with increased levels of these inflammatory markers (p=2.06e-07 and p=1.700e-02). A significant correlation was also identified between PFA and the patients' pesticide exposure profile (p=0.0223), as well as a significant negative correlation with perineometry (p=0.0404). The group exposed to pesticides (n=66) presented lower perineometry values (95% CI: 0.007-0.409). Significant differences were also found between patients with unsatisfactory PFA and perineometry results with elevated TNF-α values, suggesting that this cytokine may be a mediator of pelvic floor strength loss in breast cancer (p=0.0001). Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese 2026-06-23T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8706 Title: Efeito do Exercício Físico Resistido como Estratégia Profilática nas Lesões Funcionais e Morfológicas da Artrite Reumatoide no Músculo Sóleo de Ratos Autor: Kiekiss, Gabriella Canan Primeiro orientador: Torrejais, Marcia Miranda Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects the joints and periarticular tissues, including skeletal muscle. Specific medications are used in therapeutic protocols for RA and may cause considerable adverse effects. However, other therapeutic approaches, such as physical exercise applied preventively, have emerged as promising strategies for modulating the inflammatory response and preserving joint and musculoskeletal integrity. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the morphofunctional effects of high-intensity resistance exercise (RE) on the soleus muscle of Wistar rats when applied preventively before the induction of RA. Thirty Wistar rats, approximately 12 weeks old and with a mean body weight of 320 g, were allocated into four experimental groups: control group (CG), arthritis group (AG), exercise group (EG), and exercise + arthritis group (EAG). Animals in the exercise groups underwent ladder-climbing resistance exercise, with progressive loading, a progressive number of sets, and a fixed number of repetitions, for nine weeks before RA induction. RA was induced using the Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) model. During the experiment, the following assessments were performed: muscle strength, nociception, joint incapacitation, and motor function. Joint edema and the arthritic index were also evaluated. Euthanasia was performed on the eighth and ninth days following RA induction. The soleus muscle was collected and processed for morphological and morphometric analyses of muscle fibers using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, as well as for analysis of connective tissue using Picrosirius Red staining. An increase in joint edema and arthritic index, as well as functional impairment, was observed in the AG and EAG, as evidenced by reduced muscle strength, nociception, and motor function, in addition to increased joint incapacitation. Morphological analyses indicated focal alterations in muscle fibers resulting from RA, including disorganization of muscle fascicles, muscle fibers with centrally located nuclei, nuclei surrounded by a basophilic halo, muscle fibers undergoing atrophy and necrosis, and inflammatory infiltrates. However, these alterations were less pronounced in the EAG. In the AG and EAG, muscle spindles with disorganized outer capsules and inflammatory cells within their structures were identified. Regarding the morphometric analyses, reductions in fiber area and major and minor diameters, along with increased muscle fiber density, were identified in the AG and EAG. However, these alterations were less evident in the EAG. An increase in connective tissue was observed in the group with RA, whereas no alteration was observed in the EAG. In conclusion, resistance exercise applied preventively in the context of RA demonstrated limited potential regarding functional parameters; however, it promoted partial attenuation of the muscle morphostructural alterations observed in the experimental model. Further studies using prolonged exercise protocols are required. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-02-27T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8687 Title: Comparação de sistemas rotatórios e manuais na instrumentação dos canais mésio-vestibular e disto-vestibular de segundos molares decíduos superiores: análise por microtomografia computadorizada Autor: Singer, Paulo Henrique Primeiro orientador: Hoshi, Adriano Tomio Abstract: Introduction: Maintaining primary teeth in functional condition until their natural shedding is essential for proper oral development in children. Pulpectomy is a widely recommended treatment option in cases of irreversible pulp damage resulting from extensive carious lesions or dental trauma. However, the complex anatomy of the root canals of primary teeth, especially the upper second molars, poses a significant clinical challenge during the endodontic instrumentation phase. Objectives: To compare the effects of different endodontic instrumentation systems—rotary and manual—on the mesio-buccal and disto-buccal canals of artificial upper deciduous second molars, using computed microtomography analysis. Methodology: Thirty-six artificial teeth were used, divided into three experimental groups (n=12), according to the system employed: Sequence Baby File NiTi (BF), ProDesign Logic 2 (LOGIC), and K-type manual files (MANUAL). After determining the working length, the specimens were instrumented following the manufacturers’ recommendations and subjected to computed microtomography before and after biomechanical preparation. Changes in root canal volume in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds were evaluated, as well as the loss of dentin wall thickness. The data were subjected to statistical analysis, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: the results demonstrated that all systems caused changes in the internal anatomy of the root canals, with differences in the pattern of volumetric increase and dentin wear among the groups. The BF and MANUAL systems exhibited greater volumetric changes in specific regions of the canals, while the LOGIC system demonstrated more homogeneous and conservative behavior. Regardless of the system used, greater wear was observed in the apical third of the mesio-buccal canal, indicating greater structural vulnerability in this region. Conclusion: All systems evaluated are capable of performing biomechanical preparation of root canals in deciduous teeth; however, significant differences exist regarding the preservation of remaining dentin structure, reinforcing the need for careful selection. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-07-06T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8686 Title: Mielotoxicidade e hepatotoxicidade da exposição crônica ao herbicida a base de glifosato em camundongos C57BL/6 Autor: Ferreira, Anderson Felipe Primeiro orientador: Bonfleur, Maria Lúcia Abstract: Introduction: The use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) has intensified over the past decades, accompanying the expansion of agricultural production. This scenario has raised concerns regarding the potential health effects of chronic exposure to these compounds. Experimental studies have demonstrated alterations in various biological systems following exposure to glyphosate and commercial formulations containing this herbicide, including hepatic and hematological effects. However, the effects of chronic exposure on the bone marrow and the mechanisms involved in hematotoxicity remain incompletely understood. Objective: To evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to 5 and 50 mg/kg doses of a commercial GBH formulation on hematological parameters, bone marrow, and liver of male C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice, approximately 21 days old and with a mean body weight of 20 g, were distributed into three experimental groups: control (CTL), 5 mg/kg GBH (GBH-5), and 50 mg/kg GBH (GBH-50). The mice received the commercial formulation Xeque Mate HT® diluted in drinking water ad libitum for 20 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, following euthanasia, body profile assessment, hepatic histopathological analysis, complete blood count and reticulocyte count, cytological and histological evaluation of the bone marrow, and serum thrombopoietin (TPO) measurement were performed. Results: GBH exposure increased water and food consumption, without significantly affecting final body weight gain. Hepatic histopathological evaluation revealed hepatocellular hypertrophy, inflammatory infiltrate, and increased connective tissue. Regarding hematological evaluation, no relevant alterations in erythropoiesis were observed; however, alterations in the leukocyte profile were identified, with more pronounced leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and monocytosis in both GBH-exposed groups. In addition, platelet counts were reduced in the GBH-5 and GBH-50 groups compared with the CTL group, by 26.39% and 46.45%, respectively. Bone marrow evaluation revealed a significant increase in megakaryocyte numbers in the GBH-50 group compared with the CTL and GBH-5 groups, along with dysplastic alterations consistent with impaired megakaryopoiesis. Serum TPO concentrations remained unchanged among the experimental groups. Conclusions: Chronic exposure to 5 and 50 mg/kg doses of a commercial GBH formulation promoted hepatic and hematological alterations, as well as changes in the bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice. The main findings were thrombocytopenia associated with dysmegakaryocytopoiesis, with no change in serum TPO concentrations. These findings suggest ineffective thrombopoiesis as one of the mechanisms involved in herbicide-induced hematotoxicity. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-08-31T00:00:00Z