https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/502 2026-09-12T02:24:07Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8630 Title: Biochar de açaí e Bacillus safensis como estratégia sustentável para a promoção do crescimento do feijoeiro Autor: Santos, Andressa Luiza Machado dos Primeiro orientador: Pinto, Fabiana Gisele da Silva Abstract: The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an essential food in the Brazilian diet, with a high protein and mineral content. In light of the demand for sustainable agricultural practices, biochar, a byproduct of the pyrolysis of agro-industrial waste, stands out for its ability to improve the chemical, physical, and biological properties of the soil. At the same time, plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPBs) are emerging as a complementary strategy in sustainable agriculture and plant tolerance to climate change. In this context, bacteria isolated from different conservation areas (Campos Ferruginosos de Carajás National Park (PA), Guartelá State Park (PR), and Iguaçu National Park (PR)) were subjected to in vitro assays to select elite strains with growth-promoting potential and tolerance to abiotic stresses (temperature, salinity, and water deficit). Following selection, greenhouse experiments were conducted with common beans under ideal and water-deficient conditions, combining inoculation with different doses (0, 4, 8, 16, and 20 t ha⁻¹) of açaí biochar (Euterpe oleracea Mart.). Five strains of the genus Bacillus (Bacillus safensis (LMB 414), B. thuringiensis (LMB 372), B. cereus (PEG 156), and B. velezensis (LMB 314 and LMB 398)) exhibited all mechanisms of plant growth promotion (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, siderophore synthesis, phosphorus solubilization, and biological oxygen fixation). In a greenhouse, under ideal water conditions, increasing doses of biochar led to a progressive increase in shoot length 14 and 21 days after sowing and at the final assessment. Under water stress, treatments with biochar and inoculation with B. safensis (LMB 414) promoted a progressive increase in root length and root dry weight, contributing to the mitigation of water stress. The results indicate that the integration of açaí biochar and B. safensis constitutes a promising strategy for the development of agricultural bio-inputs, promoting common bean growth, tolerance to water deficit, and the sustainability of agricultural systems. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-02-25T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8623 Title: Diversidade morfológica e anatômica foliar de Asteraceae em área relictual de campos arenosos e rochosos (campos rupestres) Autor: Araujo, Guilherme de Almeida Caputti Primeiro orientador: Silva, Shirley Martins Abstract: This dissertation consists of a single chapter aimed at the morphological and anatomical characterization of the leaf blades of an Asteraceae assemblage found in a relictual area of campo rupestre (rocky grassland). It discusses conserved traits, potential morpho-anatomical adaptations of the taxa to local edaphoclimatic conditions, and adaptive convergences among the analyzed species. Sixty-five species distributed across 11 tribes were collected; they were primarily herbaceous or shrubby in habit and grew in full sun. We identified numerous morpho-anatomical traits that may constitute survival strategies for the assemblage's taxa, such as tall, voluminous epidermal cells, thickened epidermal walls, thin cuticles, stomatal crypts, high trichome coverage, compact mesophyll, vascular bundles with perivascular fibers and lignified parenchymatous sheath extensions, and small leaves. Statistical analysis revealed a negative correlation between leaf area and the thickness of the adaxial and abaxial epidermis (and their cell walls), suggesting that, within the studied group, species with smaller leaves tend to invest more resources in their outer leaf covering. The assemblage exhibits diverse leaf traits related to survival in its habitat; some species are clearly conservative xeromorphs, while others combine different strategies. Thus, the studied assemblage displays morpho-anatomical adaptations and adjustments in functional traits that may represent responses to habitat characteristics—specifically, recurrent water scarcity due to sandy soil and high light intensity, which can also expose the plants to thermal stress. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-05-28T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8619 Title: Efeito da adição de carbono com ação prebiótica, extrato de aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi) e herbicida no controle das plantas daninhas Picão-Preto (Bidens subalternans DC.) e Capim-Milhã (Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler) Autor: Rotta, Victor Manuel Lustoza Primeiro orientador: Portz, Roberto Luis Abstract: The indiscriminate use of pesticides in modern agriculture has led to a series of environmental impacts, such as the contamination of ecosystems and the selection of resistant organisms. In this context, the demand for more sustainable and environmentally safe management strategies is growing. Currently, the use of soil microbiota activities is still underutilized in weed management, although it presents promising potential. The addition of compounds with a high carbon content can stimulate microbial growth, promoting the temporary immobilization of soil nutrients, especially nitrogen. This reduction in nutrient availability can alter the competitive dynamics between plant species, affecting the development of plants that are more responsive to nitrogen. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of applying sucrose as a prebiotic carbon source for the soil, associated with the use of an aqueous extract of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi and a chemical herbicide, in the post emergence control of black jack (Bidens subalternans DC.) and crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using eight treatments and ten replicates. Plant phytometric parameters, chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll content, and soil microbial activity, estimated by counting colony-forming units (CFU), were evaluated. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared using Tukey's test at a 5% probability level. The results indicated that the addition of sucrose to the soil promoted an increase in microbial activity and significant reductions in the growth of the evaluated weeds, especially when associated with the herbicide. The combined treatments allowed for the maintenance of high levels of weed suppression even with the use of a reduced herbicide dose. Furthermore, physiological analyses demonstrated a reduction in chlorophyll content in the treated plants, indicating physiological stress. These results suggest that manipulating the soil microbiota through the addition of carbon may represent a promising strategy for integrating sustainable weed management systems, contributing to reducing the dependence on synthetic herbicides in modern agriculture. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-05-25T00:00:00Z https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8618 Title: Efeitos de uma Intervenção Profilática-Terapêutica com Exercício Resistido e Suplementação de Cúrcuma com Óleo de Peixe no Músculo Extensor Longo dos Dedos em Ratos Wistar Submetidos a um Modelo de Artrite Reumatoide Autor: Dressler, Vanessa Freitas Primeiro orientador: Bertolini, Gladson Ricardo Flor Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects the joints and can cause damage to muscle tissues. It is a disabling condition treated primarily with medication; however, the continuous, long-term use of these drugs can lead to unwanted side effects. Consequently, there is growing interest in low-cost, accessible integrative interventions, such as resistance exercise (RE) and supplementation with turmeric solubilized in fish oil. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the morphofunctional and immunological effects of prophylactic and therapeutic interventions involving resistance exercise and turmeric/fish oil supplementation—administered either alone or in combination—on the *extensor digitorum longus* muscle of Wistar rats subjected to an RA model. Sixty-eight male Wistar rats (15 weeks old) were used and divided into six groups: Control Group (GC, n=8), RA Group (GA, n=12), Exercise and Supplementation Group (GES, n=12), RA and Exercise Group (GAE, n=12), RA and Supplementation Group (GAS, n=12), and RA, Exercise, and Supplementation Group (GAES, n=12). A ladder-climbing resistance exercise protocol was employed, consisting of five days of unloaded training for adaptation followed by 16 training sessions on alternate days—eight interventions prior to RA induction and eight afterward. Load progression was set at 25%, 35%, and 50% of body weight, while the number of sets and repetitions remained fixed (three sets of eight repetitions with a two-minute rest interval). Supplementation was administered orally for 31 consecutive days using an adjustable volume pipette; the daily dose was 500 mg/kg of *Curcuma longa* L. dry extract diluted in 500 µL of fish oil to enhance bioavailability. Arthritis (RA) was induced using the Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) model. A baseline assessment was performed on day 1, followed by six functional assessments throughout the study (days 8, 15, 22, 25, 28, and 31) to measure joint edema, grip strength, and nociception. Animals were euthanized on day 32. The extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was harvested and divided into two portions: the proximal portion was processed for morphological analysis of muscle fibers and tissue. Arthritic groups exhibited significant increases in joint edema and higher levels of nociception compared to control groups (p < 0.01). The GES group maintained higher grip strength, whereas arthritic groups showed a reduction in this parameter. These results indicate functional impairment associated with RA that was not fully reversed by the tested interventions. Regarding body weight, the GES group showed a higher mean, with no significant differences in naso-anal length. The GA group exhibited greater EDL muscle weight, while the GES group showed greater muscle length. This finding suggests that inflammatory processes or edema may influence the increase in muscle weight in arthritic animals. Histometric analyses revealed no significant differences in fiber area and diameter, or in the number of capillaries and muscle fibers. However, the GA group showed a higher number of peripheral nuclei and—along with the GAS and GAES groups—a larger nuclear cross-sectional area. The IHP was higher in the GA group, whereas the GAE group displayed characteristics closer to those of the control group. Furthermore, an increase in fibroblasts and disorganization of the extracellular matrix were observed in the GA group, indicating greater structural muscle damage. It was concluded that moderate ladder-based resistance exercise, applied both preventively and therapeutically, was effective in improving the muscle microstructure of the EDL—particularly in the GAE group—but did not yield significant effects on muscle strength or nociception. Thus, the results suggest that the benefits of the interventions were predominantly structural, without a direct correlation to functional improvement during the analyzed period, indicating a need to adjust protocols or intervention durations in future studies. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-05-22T00:00:00Z