https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/593 2026-02-04T16:05:43Z 2026-02-04T16:05:43Z Agostini, Saulo Sbaraini https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8115 2025-11-07T16:29:23Z 2025-02-26T00:00:00Z

Title: A phrónesis nas interpretações fenomenológicas sobre Aristóteles em Martin Heidegger: a reapropriação heideggeriana da Ética a Nicômaco Autor: Agostini, Saulo Sbaraini Primeiro orientador: Kahlmeyer-Mertens, Roberto Saraiva Abstract: This doctoral thesis investigated the appropriation of the concept of phrónesis (circumvision) in Heidegger's phenomenological interpretations of Aristotle. Among the works that address the topic, we will focus primarily on Plato: The Sophist (1924/1925) and GA 19, using the preceding lectures as a conceptual hermeneutic path: Phenomenological Interpretations of Aristotle: Introduction to Phenomenological Research (1921-1922), GA 61, and Phenomenological Interpretations of Aristotle: Indications of the Hermeneutical Situation (1922), GA 62 – known as the Natorp Report. The thesis defended is that Heidegger's appropriation of the concept of phrónesis from Aristotle's practical philosophy is existentially appropriate to show an elementary path that will reverberate in the existential analytics in Being and Time (1927). Given this, the question that guided the research was: In what sense does the phrónesis interpreted by Heidegger relate to the fundamental concepts that Heidegger develops at the end of the 1920s? To carry out the research, the general objective was to ground the concept of phrónesis in Heidegger's interpretations of Book VI of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, so that it would be possible to visualize the emergence of phrónesis as a possibility of appropriating the phenomenon of being-there. To achieve this, the specific objectives were: to explain Heidegger's interpretation of Aristotle in his lectures prior to Plato: The Sophist, i.e., the lectures from the early 1920s; to develop the phenomenological interpretation of Aristotle in the work Plato: The Sophist (1924-1925), a crucial lecture in which Heidegger deepens the importance of phrónesis for thinking about existential practical philosophy; and to interpret phrónesis as the realm in which being-there visualizes its being as a whole, something essential to Heidegger's existential analytics, pointing to the integrated and transformed foundations in the work Being and Time. With the fulfillment of these objectives, the hypothesis was sustained that phrónesis is a fundamental concept for thinking about the existential foundations of being-there during everyday practical life, even though, in Aristotle, sophia has prominence over phrónesis. This work was therefore justified in the following ways: a) Aristotle is one of the fundamental thinkers in the history of philosophy, and Heidegger added a fundamental emphasis to his philosophy based on these readings; b) Heidegger's hermeneutic interpretation of Aristotle founded the task, later explained in Being and Time (1927), of deconstructing the history of ontology. Methodologically, this thesis sought to compare the portuguese, spanish, and english translations with the original german, in addition to reading and comparing the Aristotelian text, appropriated by Heidegger, in portuguese and in the original greek. As for the content, the research was bibliographic in nature, based on the fundamental works mentioned and supplemented by the translators' comments, as well as articles and journals specializing in Heideggerian thought. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

2025-02-26T00:00:00Z Ahumada Cristi, Miguel Antonio https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8112 2025-11-13T00:11:22Z 2025-05-29T00:00:00Z

Title: Martin Heidegger y Hannah Arendt. Del cuidado del ser al cuidado del mundo Autor: Ahumada Cristi, Miguel Antonio Primeiro orientador: Costa, Marta Rios Alves Nunes da Abstract: O programa ontológico de Ser e Tempo possui uma série de antecedentes que têm em comum uma análise da experiência humana. O jovem Heidegger, apropriando-se da fenomenologia, mostra interesse pela Teologia e especialmente pelo quê e pelo como da vida dos primeiros cristãos; ao mesmo tempo, em relação à vida mesma, encontra em Aristóteles uma forte vantagem, uma vez que a sua filosofia expressa um modelo de exame da atividade humana. Já maduro, em Ser e Tempo, sua obra capital, Heidegger justifica o desmonte da ontologia tradicional e responde ao sentido do ser em relação ao tempo. O desenvolvimento do segundo objetivo se resolve a partir da analítica existencial, que corresponde ao exame das estruturas ontológicas do único ente aberto à compreensão do seu próprio ser, o Dasein. Nesse contexto, nosso estudo desenvolve a tese de que o resultado do trajeto do programa Ser e Tempo trouxe sérias influências na teoria política de Hannah Arendt. A ideia de desconstruir a tradição metafísica sem derrubá-la por completo é uma posição iniciada por Heidegger, a fim de esclarecer os fundamentos ocultos do sentido do ser e, com eles, reconstruir a filosofia. A mesma atitude e modo são observados em Arendt na hora buscar na história do pensamento político ocidental o ponto onde a tradição declina e perde seu fio condutor e por que é necessário, com seus muros demolidos, reconstruí-la para encontrar novas formas de compreender a condição humana. Com relativos graus de assimilação e apropriação, a análise da experiência humana, em particular o desvelamento da estrutura ontológica do Dasein, obteve recepção nos fundamentos da teoria da ação de Arendt. Por exemplo, onde Heidegger encontra o caráter incessante da existência, Arendt observa a constante renovação do ser humano; onde Heidegger identifica o cuidado como o mais essencial do Dasein, Arendt identifica o cuidado do mundo como uma base da política. Heidegger assimila a práxis aristotélica e identifica a phronesis como o agir enquanto cuidado (Sorge), e Arendt, por sua vez, assimila a ação (práxis) como cuidado ou proteção do espaço público (mundo). Outro ponto em comum é o exame do tempo em relação ao ser, fenômeno que ocorre em um ser 'presente' que, conjugando o passado, aparece como uma força compreensiva de impulso e de projeção. Isso outorga movimento incessante ao ser: obriga-o a atuar constantemente como interpretação de si mesmo e do outro (mundo) e, consequentemente, projeta-se entre possibilidades. Assim, o ser constrói e expressa sua liberdade e sua história. Se perde esse horizonte, o ser se define na queda e foge de si mesmo (Heidegger) ou despolitiza-se e se ausenta da ação (Arendt). Heidegger se apropria da filosofia prática aristotélica e a canaliza para uma ação ancorada no cuidado; Arendt, seguindo tal intuição, a conduz ao espaço político de ação na forma de um amor mundi, enraizado na natalidade. O filósofo pensa o ser a partir do seu centro interno; a teórica política, desde o entre seres humanos. Neste trabalho não há tentativa de estabelecer hierarquias, apenas mostrar o resultado do processo de influência. A recepção que Arendt faz do programa ontológico de Heidegger deixa dúvida quanto à lucidez da pensadora; pelo contrário, reforça a sua inteligência. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

2025-05-29T00:00:00Z Castilho, Kelly de Fátima https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7909 2025-06-16T17:34:01Z 2025-02-20T00:00:00Z

Title: Nietzsche e Guyau: egoísmo e altruísmo, uma interpretação de Alfred Fouillée Autor: Castilho, Kelly de Fátima Primeiro orientador: Frezzatti Junior, Wilson Antonio Abstract: This thesis examines Alfred Fouillée's interpretation of Friedrich Nietzsche's self-proclaimed immorality. In his work Nietzsche and Immoralism, Fouillée warns of the dangers and extravagances present in the doctrines of the German philosopher, proposing to combat his advances, especially on French soil. To indicate an alternative to Nietzschean thought, Fouillée presents the ideas of his young stepson — also a philosopher and poet — Jean-Marie Guyau, who developed quite original and serious notions in the field of morals. It is in this context that Fouillée establishes an opposition between Nietzsche and Guyau, calling on readers to take sides. On the one hand, there are Guyau's conceptions, which sustain the spontaneity of altruism and feelings such as generosity and sympathy; on the other, there is Nietzsche, representing selfishness and aggressiveness. Nietzsche's self-proclaimed immoralism is configured, from Fouillée's point of view, as a mere inversion of Christian values, substantiating an apology of values opposed to those preached by Christianity. Thus, Nietzsche would be, according to Fouillée, an "anti-Christian dogmatist", defender of values such as selfishness, aggressiveness, voluptuousness and anti-piety. The analysis of Fouillée's interpretation allows us to see that the interpreter's intention was not to understand or dialogue with Nietzsche's thought, but to judge and combat it. Interpretations of this nature, in our view, disregard Nietzsche's efforts to overcome evaluative dichotomies and to think about morality from new perspectives. Although Fouillée's work on Nietzsche was published more than a century ago, one can observe, to this day, the persistence of readings that reduce the complexity and exuberance of Nietzsche's thought to the image of a demented, egotistical, aggressive and militaristic philosopher. Our research demonstrates that reading Fouillée is not an isolated case in France. For this reason, in the first chapter, we explore general aspects of the context of reception of Nietzsche's work on French soil, also presenting Fouillée's main criticisms of Nietzsche's doctrines and the opposition between Nietzsche and Guyau. In the second chapter, we address the notions of selfishness and altruism in Nietzsche's thought, as well as the criticisms he directed at utilitarians — such as Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill and Herbert Spencer — who, according to the philosopher, would not have been able to question "the value of values" and, consequently, to face the real problem of morality. The third chapter consists of an analysis of Jean-Marie Guyau's moral ideas, especially those related to selfishness and altruism. To distance ourselves from the reading of Fouillée and the role he attributes to the young philosopher as the antipode of Nietzsche, we take as a basis the works of Guyau himself, as well as the notes left by Nietzsche about his writings. Finally, in the fourth chapter, we deal with Nietzschean immoralism and its connection with the task of transvaluing all values. In this same chapter, we focus on the analysis of Fouillée's interpretation, with the aim of verifying whether it does justice to the effective purposes of Nietzsche's thought. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

2025-02-20T00:00:00Z Perin, Ricardo José https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7875 2025-05-29T18:40:11Z 2025-04-07T00:00:00Z

Title: O éthos infantil: um ensaio ético-psicanalítico a partir das origens Autor: Perin, Ricardo José Primeiro orientador: Silva, Claudinei Aparecido de Freitas da Abstract: The central thesis advocated here is guided by the category of infantile éthos, a concept derived from a link established between ethics and psychoanalysis. To this end, initially, the research aims, based on a brief reconstitution of the original link between physis (Φύσις), éthos (ἔθος) and psyché (ψυχή) since Greek thought, to build a bridge between philosophy and psychoanalysis through the lens of phenomenology of the original éthos in a two-way street. That is, on the one hand, it starts from ethics towards psychoanalysis to focus on the specifically ethical dimension of psychoanalysis and, on the other, going from psychoanalysis to ethics to bring to light the dimension of desire present in action. In this sense, the study aims to reflect on the constitution of ethics starting from the transcription of physis into éthos by showing that, in psychoanalysis, something similar occurs, allowing it to be approached from an ethical dimension. In this way, it is worth justifying that through the perspective of the psychoanalytic clinic, the topic in question proposes to unite theorization with the subject's history, through the drive of desire, setting reason in motion to produce nuanced knowledge in the thesis. It is therefore a matter of investigating to what extent this action reveals the conflictive dimension in the existential dynamics from the original experience, that is, rooted in the origins of the psychic subject. Now, this is exactly what opens the possibility of thinking about the notion of a childish éthos. Thus, methodologically, through the phenomenology of éthos as a way of thinking about the passage from physis to éthos via praxis, it is also a question of phenomenologically and psychoanalytically circumscribing this perspective through the intimate relationship between primary process and secondary process via logos language (λόγος), in the analytical act. Finally, the research seeks to better understand the articulation between reason and desire in the light of this passage from physis to éthos that is understood, from a psychoanalytic perspective, from a primordial ground considering the drive dynamics that are constituted through the relationship between the child and the adult. This inventory is nuanced, above all, nowadays in a horizon opened by new studies on child brain development in the light of a hermeneutics of the lived experience. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

2025-04-07T00:00:00Z