TEDE Collection:

Efeitos da inclusão de diferentes níveis de fitase na alimentação de frangos de corte

2026-09-23T00:37:45Z

Title: Efeitos da inclusão de diferentes níveis de fitase na alimentação de frangos de corte Autor: Costa, Ana Paula Guimarães Cruz Primeiro orientador: Nunes, Ricardo Vianna Abstract: Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of phytase in diets with reduced nutritional matrices or digestible amino acids, as well as to determine the bioavailability of phosphorus released by phytase on performance, bone mineralization, biochemical parameters, intestinal health, and carcass yield of broiler chickens. In the first experiment, seven treatments were evaluated in a completely randomized design, with eight replicates of 16 birds per experimental unit. Treatments included a basal control diet (meeting all nutritional requirements), a negative control diet with reductions of 0.15% calcium and phosphorus, 0.03% sodium, and 30 kcal kg⁻¹ of metabolizable energy, and five diets containing increasing phytase levels (500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 FTU/kg) added to the negative control. In the second experiment, seven treatments were evaluated in a completely randomized design, with six replicates of 16 birds per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of a diet deficient in available P, three levels of dicalcium phosphate supplementation (0.09%, 0.18%, and 0.27% available P), and three phytase supplementation levels (600, 1200, and 2400 FTU). In the third experiment, nine treatments were evaluated in a completely randomized design, with 10 replicates of 22 birds per experimental unit. Treatments included a positive control diet (minimum crude protein level), two negative controls (with reductions of 2% and 4% digestible amino acids, 0.15% calcium and phosphorus, and 15 kcal kg⁻¹ of metabolizable energy), and three phytase levels (500, 1000, and 2000 FTU/kg) applied to each negative control. Zootechnical performance and feed intake were recorded at 21 and 42 days in all three experiments. For intestinal histomorphometry, jejunal samples were collected at 21 and 42 days in the first experiment, and duodenal and jejunal samples at 21 and 43 days in the third experiment. Blood samples were collected at 21 and 42 days in the first experiment and at 35 days in the third, for analysis of biochemical parameters and enzymatic activity. Thigh samples were collected at 21 and 42 days in the first and second experiments to assess bone parameters. In the first experiment, a metabolism assay was carried out to evaluate the apparent digestibility of calcium, phosphorus, and metabolizable energy, and litter quality was analyzed at 40 days. In the third experiment, ileal content was collected at 21 days, while cecal content was collected at 21 and 35 days. Carcass yield was assessed at 42 and 43 days in the first and third experiments, respectively. In the first experiment, inclusion of up to 8000 FTU/kg of phytase maintained results similar to those of the positive control. In the second experiment, supplementation with up to 2400 FTU/kg increased the bioavailability of essential minerals, surpassing both deficient diets and diets supplemented with dicalcium phosphate, ensuring proper performance and bone development. In the third experiment, phytase improved performance and nutrient utilization in birds fed diets with reduced nutritional density, although doses above 1000 FTU/kg provided limited additional benefits. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

Chromium-methionine and zinc-l-selenomethionine in diets of broiler chickens subjected or not to cyclic heat stress

2026-09-22T14:15:58Z

Title: Chromium-methionine and zinc-l-selenomethionine in diets of broiler chickens subjected or not to cyclic heat stress Autor: Tesser, Guilherme Luis Silva Primeiro orientador: Nunes, Ricardo Vianna Abstract: In this study, four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of graded inclusions of chromium-methionine (CrMet) or zinc-l-selenomethionine (Zn-L-SeMet) in diets of broiler chickens from 1 to 42 days of age subjected or not to cyclic heat stress (CHS) conditions and its effects on growth performance, cloacal temperatures, mortality, carcass and parts yield, liver and fat pad relative weights, plasma metabolites, enzymes, and hormones. Additionally, the study assessed the scores of incidence and severity of wooden breast (WB) and white striping (WS) myopathies in the breast muscle as well as breast meat quality, lipid peroxidation, chemical composition, and insulin-like growth factor and growth hormone receptor gene expression. For this purpose, two experiments were carried out (one for each mineral) where the animals were reared under thermoneutral (TN) conditions from 1 to 42 days of age, and another two experiments (one for each mineral) from 1 to 42 days of age, subjecting the animals to CHS conditions from 22 to 42 days of age. For each experiment, a total of 1,000 one-day-old male Cobb 500® broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design composed by 5 dietary treatments and 10 replicate pens (experimental units) with 20 animals per pen. The animals received food and water ad libitum throughout the experimental period. The experimental diets involving CrMet were formulated with similar inclusion levels for both TN and CHS experiments as follows: 0 (basal diet without CrMet inclusion); 0.25 (basal diet + 0.25 mg/CrMet/kg of feed); 0.50 (basal diet + 0.50 mg/CrMet/kg of feed); 1.0 (basal diet + 1.0 mg/CrMet/kg of feed); and 2.0 (basal diet + 2.0 mg/CrMet/kg of feed). Similarly, the experimental treatments regarding Zn-L-SeMet were formulated with similar inclusion levels for both TN and CHS conditions as follows: 0 (basal diet without Zn-L-SeMet inclusion); 0.13 (basal diet + 0.13 mg/Zn-L-SeMet/kg of feed); 0.23 (basal diet + 0.23 mg/Zn-L-SeMet/kg of feed); 0.47 (basal diet + 0.47 mg/ Zn-L-SeMet/kg of feed); and 1.30 (basal diet + 1.30 mg/Zn-L-SeMet/kg of feed). Based on the results of the experiments, for broilers reared under TN conditions the inclusion of 2.0 mg/CrMet/kg is recommended to improve FI and BWG from 1 to 42 days of age and reduce breast meat lightness, while inclusions of 1.04 and 1.0 mg/CrMet/kg reduced redness and total ash in the breast muscle, respectively. Considering the experiment evaluating Zn-L-SeMet, inclusions of 0.64, 0.78, and 1.05 mg/Zn-L-SeMet/kg are recommended to improve FI, BWG, and FCR from 1 to 42 days of age, respectively. In addition, the inclusion of 0.61 mg/Zn-L-SeMet/kg reduces blood creatinine, while TA content in the breast linearly decreases as Zn-L-SeMet levels increase. For broilers reared under CHS, the inclusion of 0.75 and 0.88 mg/CrMet/kg are recommended to improve FCR from 1 to 21 and 1 to 42 days of age, respectively. The inclusions of 0.25 and 2.0 mg/CrMet/kg are recommended to reduce mortality rate and blood triglycerides, respectively. Finally, the inclusion of 0.71 mg/Zn-LSeMet/kg is recommended to improve growth performance from 1 to 42 days of age and reduce the mortality rate. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

Farinha de larvas da mosca soldado-negro (Hermetia illucens) na dieta de alevinos de Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen)

2026-09-08T20:46:23Z

Title: Farinha de larvas da mosca soldado-negro (Hermetia illucens) na dieta de alevinos de Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) Autor: Rossato, Katsciane Aparecida Primeiro orientador: Eyng, Cinthia Abstract: Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (BSLF) has stood out as an alternative ingredient in fish diets due to its high protein, lipid, and mineral content. However, there are still no studies with native Brazilian species, such as the jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). This thesis is structured in two chapters. Chapter I evaluates the zootechnical performance and body composition of jundiá fry fed diets containing levels of BSLF meal, and Chapter II verifies the effects of inclusion on the biochemical and hematological profile, as well as intestinal and hepatic histological alterations. For the collection of experimental data for both chapters, 240 fry (1.94 ± 0.02 g) were used, distributed in a water recirculation system with 20 experimental units, with individual oxygenation, interconnected to each other and to a mechanical filter and a biological filter. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments (diets with 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%, and 6.0% inclusion of BSLF) and four replicates. The fish were fed for 87 days. To evaluate the productive performance of the animals, at the end of the experiment all animals were fasted for 24 hours, anesthetized, weighed, and measured. Five animals from each experimental unit were then used to determine body composition (moisture, protein, ether extract, and mineral matter). Blood biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters were also evaluated in the same fish. The results were subjected to analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA), followed by Tukey's multiple mean comparison test, with a probability level of 5%. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the inclusion of 3% BSLF provided greater final weight, weight gain, daily weight gain, body size, better condition factor and specific growth rate, as well as a higher hepatosomatic index (P<0.05), compared to fish that received the diet without the inclusion of the flour and those that received the diet containing the highest level of inclusion, equaling the other treatments. The parameters of feed conversion, feed efficiency and survival were not influenced (P>0.05) by the inclusion of BSLF in the fish diet, as well as the body chemical composition. Therefore, the inclusion of up to 3% BSLF as an alternative ingredient in the formulation of diets for jundiá fry is recommended. Regarding the biochemical and hematological profile of the animals' blood, the results obtained showed that the inclusion of BSLF flour does not alter the analyzed parameters, indicating stability in the evaluated indices (P>0.05). In the histological evaluation, the length of the intestinal villi remained stable between treatments, suggesting an absence of morphofunctional impairments. Regarding the liver, mild to moderate alterations were observed, including fatty degeneration and discrete nonspecific inflammatory infiltrates. Therefore, the inclusion of up to 6% black soldier fly larvae meal in the diet of jundiá fry proved to be safe, not compromising the metabolic, hematological health or histological integrity of the species. In general, the inclusion of up to 3% of BSLF in the diets of jundiá fry is recommended for better productive performance, guaranteeing the metabolic, hematological health and intestinal histological integrity of the species. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

Extrato de Macleya cordata na dieta de frangos de corte desafiados por Eimeria spp.

2026-09-01T22:54:11Z

Title: Extrato de Macleya cordata na dieta de frangos de corte desafiados por Eimeria spp. Autor: Oliveira, Jamile Maria de Primeiro orientador: Eyng, Cinthia Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a phytogenic additive extracted from Macleaya cordata in the diets of broiler chickens subjected to a vaccination challenge against Eimeria spp. (a dose 20 times higher than the recommended at 14 days of age), on zootechnical performance, intestinal morphometry, intestinal lesion scores, histopathological changes, intestinal permeability, energy and nutrient digestibility, carcass and cut yields, and immune system parameters. A total of 800 one-day-old male chicks were allotted in a completely randomized design with five treatments and eight replicates. The treatments consisted of a diet without additive and without challenge; a diet without additive and with challenge; and three diets with inclusion levels of the additive (50, 100, and 150 g ton⁻¹ of feed) in challenged birds. At 19 days of age, three birds per replicate were euthanized for measurement of morphometry, lesion score, histopathology, intestinal permeability, determination of serum cytokine and immunoglobulin A levels, and digestibility of digesta. At 42 days of age, two birds per replicate were euthanized for evaluation of carcass and cut yields. Parametric data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test, and nonparametric data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test, considering significant differences at P < 0.05. Over the entire experimental period, there were no differences in zootechnical performance (P > 0.05) among the challenged treatments. The nonchallenged birds showed greater (P < 0.05) weight gain compared with the challenged birds that consumed 150 g ton⁻¹ of the additive. For intestinal permeability, non-challenged birds showed lower permeability (P < 0.05), differing from birds that consumed 50 and 100 g ton⁻¹ of the additive. Non-challenged birds had higher digestible protein content (P = 0.0001). For lesion scores in the duodenum, the non-challenged birds and birds from the treatments with 50 and 100 g ton⁻¹ of the additive had lower mean lesion scores (P = 0.0001). In the jejunum, birds receiving 150 g ton⁻¹ of the additive did not present grade-2 lesions (P = 0.0001). In the ileum, birds receiving 100 g ton⁻¹ of the additive showed grade‑3 lesions (P = 0.0001). In the histopathological analysis, non‑challenged birds showed (P < 0.05) lower thickness and less inflammatory infiltration in the lamina propria. Birds that received 150 g ton⁻¹ of the additive showed greater enterocyte proliferation (P = 0.016) compared with birds that received 50 g ton⁻¹, and a lower presence of goblet cells (P = 0.0001) compared with the other treatments. Furthermore, birds that received 50 g ton⁻¹ of the extract in the feed showed greater congestion (P = 0.0001) compared with birds in the negative and positive control treatments. Non‑challenged birds showed a lower total histopathological score compared with challenged birds (P < 0.05). No differences (P > 0.05) were observed for the remaining evaluated parameters. It is concluded that the inclusion of up to 150 g ton⁻¹ of the additive in the diet of broiler chickens subjected to a challenge by Eimeria spp. does not alter performance, intestinal morphometry, or carcass yield. Inclusion of up to 100 g ton⁻¹ of the additive improves lesion scores in the duodenal segment, whereas the dose of 150 g ton⁻¹ of the additive confers an intestinal epithelium that is less susceptible to damage caused by Eimeria spp. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese