https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/527 2026-10-02T00:50:01Z 2026-10-02T00:50:01Z Silva, João Fernando Ferri da https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8669 2026-09-25T18:48:52Z 2025-08-11T00:00:00Z

Title: Digestão anaeróbia em duas fases de resíduos de mortalidade suína e redução de amônia livre utilizando processo com membranas Autor: Silva, João Fernando Ferri da Primeiro orientador: Kunz, Airton Abstract: Swine mortality residues (SMR) represent a growing environmental and sanitary challenge in commercial farms, driven by the intensification and concentration of production. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an established technology for the treatment and valorization of agricultural waste, allowing for energy recovery in the form of biogas. However, substrates such as swine carcasses have a high protein and lipid content, the degradation of which generates ammonia and fatty acids that, in high concentrations, can inhibit microbial activity. In this context, the use of gas-permeable membranes (GPM) emerges as a promising alternative to mitigate the effects of ammonia inhibition, promoting greater process stability. Therefore, this thesis evaluated the use of two-stage anaerobic digestion (TSAD) and GPM as complementary strategies for the treatment and utilization of SMR. In this sense, two sets of experiments were conducted. The first one evaluated the potential of TSAD in the production of H2 and CH4, comparing it to single-stage digestion (CH4), through batch tests. Separating the stages increased methane production by 55%, favoring energy recovery and improving the degradation kinetics of the carcasses, as confirmed by the modified Gompertz model. The second experiment evaluated the use of GPM in ammonia recovery and mitigation of nitrogen inhibition. Two semi-continuous reactors were operated with swine manure supplemented with urea, simulating nitrogen load increases. One of the reactors was equipped with GPM for in-situ removal of free ammonia (FA). The activation of GPM allowed for continuous ammonia recovery and restored methane production when FA levels exceeded 500 mgN L-1. Microbiological analysis indicated changes in the methanogenic community, with a predominance of more tolerant groups, such as Methanosarcina. Overall, the results indicate that TSAD and the use of GPM are effective and complementary strategies for the treatment of nitrogenous substrates, increasing the operational robustness, energy efficiency, and environmental viability of AD applied to SMR. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

2025-08-11T00:00:00Z Bandeira, Debora Marina https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8668 2026-09-23T19:43:32Z 2025-03-20T00:00:00Z

Title: Avaliação funcional e potencial biotecnológico da água residuária de agroindústrias de mandioca: do isolamento à análise metagenômica Autor: Bandeira, Debora Marina Primeiro orientador: Gomes, Simone Damasceno Abstract: Cassava is recognized as an agricultural crop of great importance in Brazil, which generates by-products with a high organic load. The toxicity of the wastewater associated with cassava processing is limited to the excess of organic compounds and sugars and the presence of cyanoglycosides, which pose environmental risks if not adequately treated. However, this wastewater has significant potential as a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds for sustainable biotechnological applications, mitigating adverse environmental impacts. This study evaluated wastewater samples from two cassava processing agro-industries: a starch processor (ARFe) and a flour processor (ARFa). The aim was to investigate this waste's microbial composition and biotechnological potential using microbiological isolation methods, metagenomics, and functional tests. In article 1, bacterial isolates were obtained using the serial dilution and isolation method, followed by morphological and Gram stain characterization and physiological characterization regarding biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate and potassium solubilization, and siderophore synthesis. A total of 182 bacterial isolates were obtained, which demonstrated functional capacities relevant to agriculture, including a high rate of nitrogen fixation, phosphate and potassium solubilization, and siderophore production, especially in the ARFa isolates, which indicates potential for the development of biofertilizers. Article 2 carried out a metagenomic analysis of wastewater, which revealed a predominance of the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Firmicutes phyla, with a greater abundance of the Gemmatimonas, Nannocystis, and Bacillus genera. Despite the chemical variations between the samples, the taxonomic and functional profiles remained stable from 2022 to 2024. The significant correlation between functional diversity and substrate availability reinforces the direct impact of the physicochemical factors of each wastewater on the microbial structure and metabolic behavior of the microorganisms. In the third article, fermentation experiments were carried out using wastewater as a substrate for the bacterium Priestia aryabhattai (CCMMIAB UNIO423) to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) under different supplementation conditions (S1 and S2). Both samples sustained exponential microbial growth; ARFa showed faster initial growth, followed by a decline associated with nutrient depletion, while ARFe showed more stable and prolonged growth over time. S2 supplementation (casein, urea, sucrose, and potassium phosphate) resulted in greater cell viability compared to S1 (glycerol, ammonium nitrate, and yeast extract), with a high production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), especially in ARFa. The results indicate the biotechnological potential of cassava wastewater for applications in bioremediation and the production of biofertilizers. The study reinforces the feasibility of using these effluents as a substrate for the growth of plant growth-promoting microorganisms, which contributes to reducing environmental impact and promotes sustainability in agricultural production chains. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

2025-03-20T00:00:00Z Oliveira, Daiane de Deus https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8667 2026-09-28T18:39:46Z 2025-09-04T00:00:00Z

Title: Fontes de Silício e Corretivos na Agricultura: efeitos sobre os atributos químicos e físicos do solo e na produtividade do trigo, milho e cana-de-açúcar Autor: Oliveira, Daiane de Deus Primeiro orientador: Maggi, Marcio Furlan Abstract: The growing global concern over increasing food demand has led to the expansion of new agricultural areas. However, environmental issues—such as the reuse and recycling of waste discarded by industries—have prompted reflection on how to boost agricultural productivity while ensuring both economic gain and environmental sustainability. In this context, new technologies have been refined and implemented in the agricultural sector with the goal of reducing production costs and increasing crop yields. One notable example is precision agriculture, which uses tools such as electrical conductivity measurements combined with chemical and physical soil analyses. These techniques contribute to sustainable and balanced management practices, preventing drift and leaching of many agricultural inputs, as well as ensuring the correct application of fertilizers. For this reason, the first chapter of the thesis evaluated whether there was any interference in the chemical and physical properties of the soil in relation to electrical conductivity and the productivity of wheat and corn crops after the application of limestone and silicate. This phase of the study was carried out on a commercial agricultural property located in the municipality of Céu Azul, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. After soil collection and chemical analysis, application rates were established at 0, 300, and 800 kg·ha⁻¹ for the control, silicate, and limestone treatments, respectively. To measure soil electrical conductivity, an EM38-MK2 conductivity meter was used. Data cleaning, interpolation, and correlation analyses were conducted using the AgDataBox platform. Results showed that only the nutrient calcium presented a significant difference between the silicate and control treatments, based on the chemical sampling conducted in 2022. Regarding the correlation matrix, autocorrelation among chemical elements was observed; however, there was no correlation between electrical conductivity and magnesium in the 2024 crop season. Additionally, autocorrelation was found between soil compaction resistance and different depths, soil texture, and yield levels. A significant difference was also observed in soil compaction resistance between the control and silicate treatments. It was concluded that both positive and negative correlations, as well as autocorrelations, existed between the parameters analyzed and soil electrical conductivity. In the second chapter of the thesis, the objective was to analyze the use of different silicon sources in sugarcane production in the state of Louisiana, United States of America. The experiment was conducted at the Louisiana State University Agricultural Research Station. Fertilization treatments consisted of the application of 0 kg·ha⁻¹ for the control, 2471 kg·ha⁻¹ for the limestone treatment, 2471 kg·ha⁻¹ for the sugarcane bagasse ash treatment, and 1235.5 and 2471 kg·ha⁻¹ for the silicate slag treatments. The experimental design used was a randomized block design, with plots consisting of three rows measuring 30.48 meters in length, using the sugarcane cultivar L01-299. Soil and leaf samples were collected 30 days after fertilization and again at harvest. In the laboratory, soil electrical conductivity analyses and colorimetric determinations were performed to quantify silicon in both soil and plant tissue. It was observed that soil electrical conductivity values were higher 30 days after fertilizer application compared to those measured at harvest time. The soil silicon analyses showed similar results between the two sampling periods, with no significant differences among the fertilization treatments. The treatments evaluated 30 days after fertilization exhibited higher silicon concentrations in the plants compared to those measured at harvest. In conclusion, soil silicon levels remained relatively consistent across the different sampling times; however, the highest concentration, 182.28 mg·kg⁻¹, was obtained 30 days after fertilization in the treatment with 2471 kg·ha⁻¹ of silicate. Regarding silicon content in the plant, the highest level (2.50 mg·kg⁻¹) was observed in the limestone treatment 30 days after application, while a lower value (0.86 mg·kg⁻¹) was recorded for the same treatment at harvest. Overall, it can be concluded that sustainable management practices combined with the use of technological tools lead to increased productivity and profitability for producers, while also ensuring the preservation of a clean and balanced environment for future generations. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

2025-09-04T00:00:00Z Vicente, Daniela Maria Grande https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8652 2026-09-14T19:04:26Z 2026-06-26T00:00:00Z

Title: Distribuição de recursos da cota-parte do ICMS no estado do Paraná com foco na produção agropecuária e na qualidade da educação Autor: Vicente, Daniela Maria Grande Primeiro orientador: Johann, Jerry Adriani Abstract: Municipalities are federative entities whose share of tax revenues is an important element of local public management. Under the Tax on the Circulation of Goods and Services (ICMS), the Brazilian Federal Constitution requires that 25% of state tax revenue be transferred to municipalities. This portion corresponds to the municipal revenue-sharing quota, of which 35% is redistributed according to criteria defined by state legislation, with at least 10% allocated to educational indicators. In the state of Paraná, 8% of the municipal ICMS share is distributed proportionally to each municipality's Gross Value of Agricultural and Livestock Production (VBP) relative to the state total. In this context, formulating public policies to promote greater regional equity poses a challenge, particularly given the diversity and scale of agricultural and livestock production in Paraná. The traditional territorial segmentation into mesoregions and microregions does not necessarily ensure homogeneity in production patterns across municipalities. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis was to develop a methodology to characterize agricultural production across municipalities in the state of Paraná, aiming to form homogeneous groups according to their production patterns. Additionally, the research analyzes the distributive effects of introducing the ICMS Education criterion in the allocation of the municipal revenue-sharing quota, which assigns 10% of the resources based on the Paraná Education Quality Index (IQEP). The thesis is structured into two articles. The first article applies cluster analysis to form homogeneous groups of municipalities, based on the average percentage shares of the Gross Value of Production for 90 agricultural products included in the state agricultural production matrix during the period from 2019 to 2023. The clustering process was conducted in two stages. First, a hierarchical agglomerative method using Ward’s linkage criterion was applied to support the determination of the number of clusters and the estimation of initial centroids. Subsequently, this information was used as input for the K-means algorithm. The analysis identified nine groups of municipalities with similar production profiles. The results show that, on average, the 20 most relevant products account for approximately 90% of the Gross Value of Production within the clusters, indicating a high level of internal homogeneity in production composition. The second article evaluates the distributive effects of incorporating the IQEP into the Municipal Participation Index, the relative importance of each index component, and the short-term fiscal impacts on municipal revenues. The methodology combines descriptive statistics, nonparametric correlation estimates, and cluster analysis to classify municipalities into homogeneous groups according to educational performance, socioeconomic profile, and the size of municipal education systems. The results indicate that the redistribution resulting from the incorporation of the IQEP produced concentrated effects in a limited set of municipalities, without significantly altering, in aggregate terms, the relative participation of most municipalities in the ICMS revenue-sharing system. Furthermore, the findings show that the IQEP calculation methodology is strongly associated with the number of enrollments in municipal school systems. At the same time, educational performance and equity indicators exert only a marginal influence on the final index value. It is concluded that the Paraná ICMS Education model has limited redistributive capacity and a low potential to induce public policies that improve educational quality and equity, largely preserving the existing distributional logic. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

2026-06-26T00:00:00Z