https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/507 2026-10-13T18:46:10Z 2026-10-13T18:46:10Z Nascimento, Nilson Ribeiro do https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8689 2026-10-08T19:23:23Z 2026-08-27T00:00:00Z

Title: O ensino de ciências nas comunidades indígenas: um olhar para a legislação educacional – o alcoolismo em foco Autor: Nascimento, Nilson Ribeiro do Primeiro orientador: Carvalho, Marco Antonio Batista Abstract: The present dissertation addresses the theme “Science Education in Indigenous Communities: An Examination of Educational Legislation – Alcoholism in Focus”, and arises from a personal and professional concern regarding recurring situations of social and health vulnerability observed among Indigenous peoples, particularly those related to the abusive consumption of alcoholic beverages. The study aims to analyze how Science education in Indigenous schools directly or indirectly incorporates actions and content aimed at raising awareness about alcohol use, in light of Brazilian educational legislation, identifying its potentialities and limitations in promoting health, culture, and Indigenous autonomy. To this end, understanding the social and cultural relationship between Indigenous peoples and alcohol; comprehending the harmful effects of alcohol on these populations and its relationship with their cultural contexts; and analyzing how Science education can serve as a tool for awareness and prevention of alcoholism within Indigenous communities becomes essential for grasping these nuances. The research adopts a qualitative approach, exploratory and descriptive in nature, supported by the content analysis methodology proposed by Laurence Bardin (1977) for the interpretation of data obtained through bibliographic and documentary research. Primary sources included the 1988 Federal Constitution, the National Education Guidelines and Framework Law (Law No. 9,394/1996), the Statute of the Indian (Law No. 6,001/1973), the National Curriculum Framework for Indigenous Schools, the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCNs), and the Brazilian Common National Curriculum (BNCC). Theses, dissertations, and scientific articles discussing the relationship between alcoholism, Indigenous culture, and science education were also consulted. The analysis revealed that, although Brazilian educational legislation recognizes the right of Indigenous peoples to differentiated, bilingual, and intercultural education, public policies remain incipient regarding the systematic inclusion of content related to the prevention of abusive alcohol use. It was found that Science education has great potential to articulate traditional knowledge and scientific understanding, fostering critical reflection on the social, cultural, and biological impacts of alcoholism. Thus, it is concluded that Science education, when conducted interculturally and in a contextualized manner, can constitute an important instrument of social transformation, contributing to the strengthening of cultural identity, the promotion of health, and the appreciation of life in Indigenous communities. The research therefore reinforces the importance of a scientific education committed to the sociocultural reality of Indigenous peoples and to the development of school practices that integrate education, culture, and health as inseparable dimensions of human formation. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2026-08-27T00:00:00Z Santos, Cristiano de Assumpção https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8673 2026-10-01T18:32:05Z 2026-08-18T00:00:00Z

Title: Impacto da urbanização na microbacia do rio Cascavel – município de Cascavel – Paraná – Período 2015 a 2020 Autor: Santos, Cristiano de Assumpção Primeiro orientador: Feiden, Armin Abstract: Rapid and unplanned urban growth has caused significant changes in watershed dynamics, compromising their capacity for hydrological regulation and their environmental sustainability. The Cascavel River micro-watershed, located in the municipality of Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil, with a catchment area of 50.51 km², is a representative example of this process, as its headwaters lie within the urban perimeter and are directly affected by urban and agricultural expansion in the region. This study analyzed the impacts of urbanization on the streamflow of the Cascavel River micro watershed, investigating the relationship between increasing soil sealing, land use and occupation, and the watershed's hydrological response over time. The methodology combines analysis of historical streamflow and precipitation records from 2002 to 2020, supervised classification of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery (2015-2020) processed in QGIS using the Maximum Likelihood algorithm (MAXVER), with an Overall Accuracy of 86.57% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.8159, and multivariate statistical analysis through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. A continuous expansion of the urbanized area was identified, from 28.41% to 31.28% of the micro-watershed (+1.45 km² over six years), at the expense of temporary cropland and remaining forest cover. Mean daily streamflow dropped from 1.53 m³/s in 2018 to 0.33 m³/s in 2020 — a decrease of approximately 78% — including an interval between 2018 and 2019 in which precipitation varied by only 3.4% while streamflow fell by 66%. The multivariate analysis organized the data into two orthogonal factors — a rainfall factor and a hydrological response factor — accounting for 79.70% of the total variance, evidencing a partial decoupling between precipitation and streamflow. The results indicate a contribution of urbanization and soil sealing to the variations in the Cascavel River's streamflow, with effects on surface runoff, infiltration, and basin recharge, and risks associated with a higher frequency of extreme events, such as floods and severe droughts. The findings provide technical support for public policies and for environmental recovery and urban planning strategies, with a focus on water resources conservation and the mitigation of the effects of urban densification. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

2026-08-18T00:00:00Z Dechechi, Fernanda Gomes https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8671 2026-09-25T19:13:46Z 2025-08-25T00:00:00Z

Title: Codigestão anaeróbia de lixiviado de aterro sanitário com lodo flotado de agroindústria para produção de biogás Autor: Dechechi, Fernanda Gomes Primeiro orientador: Gotardo, Jackeline Tatiane Abstract: Sanitary landfill leachate, commonly known as “leachate”, exhibits high diversity and complexity in its pollutant load, making it difficult to apply a single treatment method. To prevent environmental impacts associated with its discharge into water bodies or soil, leachate must undergo complete treatment. In turn, centrifuged floated sludge, an effluent generated in agro industrial wastewater treatment, poses the challenge of being produced in large volumes, resulting in significant costs for disposal and transport to licensed facilities. Due to these characteristics, both effluents motivated the investigation of anaerobic co-digestion for biogas production, fostering the development of sustainable alternatives for treatment and clean energy generation. The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of organic matter removal and biogas production from sanitary landfill leachate co-digested with centrifuged floated sludge from an agro-industrial complex in batch reactors, aiming at energy recovery. The research was divided into three phases: Phase 1: batch reactor using the Ritter fermentation system; Phase 2: batch reactor in BOD bottles; and Phase 3: batch reactor in a shaker. In all phases, the residues were collected and their physicochemical characteristics analyzed, as well as the mixtures of each reactor before incubation and at the end of the predetermined period. An experimental design was developed for Phases 1 and 2. Eleven reactors were incubated at 37ºC for approximately 60 days or until accumulated biogas production fell below 1%. The pH was adjusted before incubation, according to the central composite rotational design (CCRD), along with the proportions of the studied residues. Statistical analyses were applied to the results, and in Phase 2 it was possible to optimize the model. To validate the optimal point, the parameters obtained were applied to batch reactors operated on a shaker (Phase 3). Phase 1 showed that the test reactor containing centrifuged floated sludge performed better than the reactor with non-centrifuged floated sludge for the response variable (COD removal). Thus, centrifuged floated sludge was selected as the essential co-substrate for the experimental design in Phase 2. In Phase 2, among all reactors in the experimental design, Reactor 6 achieved the highest COD removal (73.73% for centrifuged COD and 84.38% for filtered COD), operating with 95% leachate and pH 7.5. For methane production, the central points of the design showed the highest values, approximately 7.5 L CH₄/L reactor, with parameters of 97.5% leachate and pH 7.5. The reactor containing only leachate (Reactor 5) and the test reactors with only centrifuged floated sludge or distilled water (Reactors 19 and 20) did not show significant results, confirming the advantage of co digestion over mono-digestion. Model optimization indicated 96.3% landfill leachate and pH 7.7 as the optimal independent variables, predicting 6.76 L CH₄/L reactor. After operating the Phase 3 reactor, methane production exceeded expectations, reaching 10.01 L CH₄/L reactor. In conclusion, the co-digestion of sanitary landfill leachate with centrifuged floated sludge from poultry processing contributes to advances in clean and renewable energy research, supporting energy autonomy through biogas production. Finally, for real-scale application, obtaining seasonal operational data from a pilot-scale reactor is recommended to generate a robust database and increase confidence in system design. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2025-08-25T00:00:00Z Lacerda, Diogo Müller https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8670 2026-09-25T19:01:06Z 2025-02-13T00:00:00Z

Title: Padrões de potabilidade, para Agrotóxicos e metabólitos em água, em estados de Santa Catarina, Paraná e Mato Grosso Do Sul Autor: Lacerda, Diogo Müller Primeiro orientador: Gotardo, Jackeline Tatiane Abstract: Identifying and assessing the quality of drinking water is of great importance for understanding the current state of the water consumed. The use of pesticides and other contaminants is one of the main tools used in the current Brazilian agricultural model. They tend to accumulate, and their residues can reach surface waters. The intensive use of these mechanisms is associated with health problems for the population and environmental degradation. Currently, the most widely used pesticides in agriculture are organophosphates and carbamates, which have very efficient insecticide activity due to their characteristic of inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in the nervous system, which achieves its objective in insects but can also act on mammals, thus characterizing a problem for living beings. In this context, some legislation provides limitations aimed at controlling these contaminants. CONAMA resolution No. 357 of 2005 defines and classifies water suitable for human consumption, delimiting criteria for organic and inorganic compounds. Law No. 7,802 of July 11, 1989, defines pesticides as: “Products and agents of physical, chemical or biological processes for use in the cultivation, storage and processing of agricultural products”. In addition to CONAMA resolution No. 357, another important regulation that came into force in 2021 was Ordinance GM/MS No. 888, which establishes procedures for controlling and monitoring the quality of water for human consumption and its potability standard. This Ordinance establishes specific maximum residue limits (MRLs) for 54 contaminants. A statistical study was carried out in the databases of the A3Q Laboratory, located in the city of Cascavel/PR, a laboratory with national operations and a reference in environmental analysis, in order to identify contamination in water samples, analyzing requests related to CONAMA ORDINANCE 357 and GM/MS 888, in the period between January 2021 and August 2023. More than 10,000 requests were evaluated in the most varied compounds, being filtered and organized according to the interest of the study. In this context, this work aimed to study and evaluate, through monitoring patterns of organic compounds, the possible contamination of water in river basins in the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Mato Grosso do Sul, based on the identification of potability patterns. These were spatially distributed in the states of interest. The quantities of requests and main cities of the states mentioned were mapped. Basic descriptive statistical evaluation of the database was carried out, providing relevant information for the study and for new future evaluations. The results demonstrated that residues of highly toxic organic compounds, such as organophosphates and carbamates, were detected in the evaluated matrices, indicating environmental and public health risks. The presence of these compounds reinforces the need for policies, monitoring and sustainable management of water resources, as well as the importance and application of conscious use practices. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2025-02-13T00:00:00Z