https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/502 2026-02-03T22:04:11Z 2026-02-03T22:04:11Z Perin, Diana Paula https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8201 2026-01-07T16:52:13Z 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Identificação citogenética e molecular de cariomorfos de Hoplias malabaricus (Characiformes, Erythrinidae) na bacia do baixo rio Iguaçu Autor: Perin, Diana Paula Primeiro orientador: Lui, Roberto Laridondo Abstract: Hoplias malabaricus is a complex group in the Erythrinidae family. In the H. malabaricus group there are seven described species. One of these species is H. malabaricus, which is a species complex with seven described karyomorphs. For the Iguaçu watershed, studies related to the distribution of karyomorphs are still scarce and most studies focus on the Upper Iguaçu, while for the middle and lower Iguaçu studies are scarce. Furthermore, the lower Iguaçu suffers anthropic influences, mainly with the introduction of exotic species and the construction of hydroelectric dams due to the high number of waterfalls. Both influences can lead to the extinction of several species. Considering the low number of studies related to karyomorphs of H. malabaricus, and the various issues relevant to this group, the present study aimed to analyze individuals of this species in an integrative way through cytogenetic techniques and barcode DNA. As many sequences as possible from the H. malabaricus group from the Bold System were used in our analyses. Our results showed the presence of three karyotype in sympatry. Two cytotypes of karyomorph A (A1 and A2) and the karyomorph D. Our hypothesis is: 1. Cytotype A1 is the chromosomal form native to the Iguaçu River Basin; 2. Cytotype A2 may represent Hoplias argentinensis specie; 3. Karyomorph D may represent the specie Hoplias misionera; 4. Cytotype A2 and karyomorph D may have been introduced in the Lower Iguaçu River. Our results allowed to increase data regarding the distribution of karyomorphs and species of the H. malabaricus group. In addition to showing that the integration of cytogenetic tools and barcode DNA can be very efficient for the H. malabaricus group. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2022-06-01T00:00:00Z Antoniazzi, Gabrielle Jovana https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8200 2026-01-07T16:31:38Z 2025-08-21T00:00:00Z

Title: Uma abordagem sistemática em espécies de Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) da Bacia do rio São Francisco através da análise citogenética básica e molecular Autor: Antoniazzi, Gabrielle Jovana Primeiro orientador: Margarido, Vladimir Pavan Abstract: Loricariidae is the richest family among the Siluriformes, with 116 genera and 1,071 valid species distributed distributed in six subfamilies: Delturinae, Hypoptopomatinae, Hypostominae, Lithogeninae, Loricariinae, and Rhinelepinae. Almost half of all species are assigned to the subfamily Hypostominae, with Hypostomus being the most speciose genus, comprising 154 recognized species, of which only 30 have cytogenetic data. A phylogeny based on molecular characters with 108 species was recently presented, confirming the monophyly of the genus and presenting four main lineages called supergroups: Hypostomus cochliodon, Hypostomus hemiurus, Hypostomus auroguttatus, and Hypostomus plecostomus. The São Francisco River is the largest exclusively Brazilian river, with 14 described species of Hypostomus, none of which have been studied cytogenetically. Given this scenario of scarce data, and the recent phylogenetic proposal presented, basic and molecular cytogenetic analyses were performed on six Hypostomus species from the São Francisco River basin (H. alatus, H. francisci, H. freirei, H. guajupia, H. lima, Hypostomus sp.) in order to verify evolutionary trends in the supergroups. Hypostomus alatus presented 2n=72 chromosomes (10m + 28sm + 28st + 6a), simple NORs (Ag- and 18S rDNA), reduced amount of interstitial heterochromatin, and multiple 5S rDNA sites (4 pairs). Hypostomus franscici presented 2n=72 chromosomes (10m + 30 sm+ 26st + 6a), simple NORs (Ag- and 18S rDNA), reduced amount of interstitial heterochromatin, and multiple 5S rDNA sites (5 pairs). Hypostomus freirei presented 2n=72 chromosomes (12m + 20sm + 28st + 12a for females; 12m + 21sm + 27st + 12a for males), evidencing a heteromorphic XX/XY sex chromosome system, simple NORs (Ag- and 18S rDNA), reduced amount of terminal heterochromatin, and multiple 5S rDNA sites (4 pairs). Hypostomus guajupia presented 2n=70 chromosomes (12m + 30sm + 16st + 12a), single NORs (Ag- and 18S rDNA), interstitial and centromeric heterochromatin, and multiple 5S rDNA sites (5 pairs). Hypostomus lima presented 2n=76 chromosomes (6m + 16sm + 24st + 30a), single NORs (Ag- and 18S rDNA), reduced amount of interstitial heterochromatin, and multiple 5S rDNA sites (2 pairs). Hypostomus sp. presented 2n=68 chromosomes (14m + 28sm + 18st + 8a), multiple NORs (Ag- and 18S rDNA), reduced amount of heterochromatin, and multiple 5S rDNA sites (3 pairs). The data allowed us to identify some trends in some supergroups and subgroups: 2n was effective for the supergroups H. cochliodon, H. plecostomus, and the H. asperatus group (included in the supergroup H. auroguttatus). Although there appears to be no general pattern in the location of rDNA sites (5S and 18S) within each supergroup, with species having single and multiple sites for both markers (with the exception of the H. asperatus group), the presence of a metacentric/submetacentric pair carrying a 5S rDNA site in a centromeric/pericentromeric position on the short arm is a characteristic observed in Hypostomus species. Regarding the distribution of heterochromatin, the studies show heterogeneity in its distribution and composition, and it likely represents an important marker for taxonomic studies, since they reveal species-specific distribution and composition within the genus. The use of cytogenetics in Hypostomus has proven to be an efficient tool both in species diagnosis and in proposing groupings, and should be considered in future phylogenetic studies. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2025-08-21T00:00:00Z Calderan, Rafaela Brust https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8199 2026-01-07T14:41:03Z 2025-10-16T00:00:00Z

Title: Avaliação integrada de serviços ecossistêmicos em parques urbanos: pesos ecológicos e sociais para priorização de manejo e políticas públicas Autor: Calderan, Rafaela Brust Primeiro orientador: Piana, Pitágoras Augusto Abstract: Urban green parks are important providers of ecosystem services (ES), playing a crucial role in delivering environmental, social, and cultural benefits to urban populations. This dissertation is organized into two chapters, which together offer a comprehensive analysis of the topic. The first chapter presents a systematic literature review on ES in urban parks, analyzing 66 articles selected from an initial total of 381. The results indicate that cultural services are the most studied, followed by regulating services, and that the most commonly used assessment methods involve empirical protocols based on indicators. China stood out as the leading country in ecosystem services research. In the second chapter, an integrated assessment framework for ES in urban parks was developed, combining objective data and subjective perceptions. This approach was tested in five urban parks in Western Paraná, showing that larger parks with greater habitat diversity provide a better balance of ES. Local residents assigned greater value to cultural and regulating services, while environmental professionals emphasized services related to ecological conservation (regulating and supporting). The proposed framework is systematic, transparent, and applicable to routine planning processes, reinforcing that effective urban park management must reconcile objective measurements with social perceptions to enhance the provision of ecosystem services. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2025-10-16T00:00:00Z Bento, Eric Pezzo https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/8157 2025-11-27T20:24:35Z 2025-04-25T00:00:00Z

Title: DINÂMICA POPULACIONAL E CONTROLE DE Gyropsylla spegazziniana (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) UTILIZANDO Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) E PRIMEIRO REGISTRO DA ASSOCIAÇÃO NATURAL ENTRE ESSAS ESPÉCIES Autor: Bento, Eric Pezzo Primeiro orientador: Alves, Francisco Angeli Abstract: The yerba mate psyllid or tea ampul, Gyropsylla spegazziniana, is currently one of the most relevant pests in mate tea crops, Ilex paraguariensis. In Brazil, chemical control is not permitted in this crop. One of the main alternatives studied for the control of this insect is biological control with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Despite its relevance, there is little current information on the population dynamics and control of this insect, and until now there have been no reports of natural association between these two species, an important characteristic that would indicate a natural susceptibility of the insect to the fungus. The objective of this work was to study the population dynamics of G. spegazziniana and to test for the first time in the field the fungus B. bassiana (isolate Unioeste 44, previously selected) as a biological control agent for this insect. For this, population monitoring of G. spegazziniana adults was carried out by installing yellow sticky traps in a commercial yerba mate crop with no history of phytosanitary treatments. Population monitoring revealed that the tea ampul is present year-round, with population peaks between November and January. Two population control tactics for this insect with B. bassiana Unioeste 44 were tested: spraying a conidial suspension and attraction-infection devices with dry conidia and diatomaceous earth, at different times of the year. Both tactics were able to significantly reduce adult tea ampul population, anticipating the population decline by up to two weeks compared to untreated areas. Parallel to the study of the population dynamics of G. spegazziniana, it was documented the unprecedented natural occurrence of B. bassiana infecting tea ampul adults. This fungus was isolated, and taxonomic identification, molecular characterization, and assessment of pathogenicity, virulence, and resistance to UV radiation and heat were performed. The isolated fungus was identified as B. bassiana Unioeste 116, highly virulent to G. spegazziniana adults (above 80% mortality), with conidial productivity even higher than the isolate Unioeste 44, used as a standard for comparison. The results confirm the potential of B. bassiana, especially isolates Unioeste 44 and 116, as promising biological control agents for G. spegazziniana and candidates for commercial products. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2025-04-25T00:00:00Z