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O nervo vago influencia o eixo hepcidina-ferro e a histologia do tecido esplênico em ratos Wistar obesos e não obesos induzidos à anemia hemolítica.

2026-07-29T15:04:22Z

Title: O nervo vago influencia o eixo hepcidina-ferro e a histologia do tecido esplênico em ratos Wistar obesos e não obesos induzidos à anemia hemolítica. Autor: Helene, Eveline Cristiane Batista Schmidt Primeiro orientador: Grassiolli, Sabrina Abstract: Introduction: The spleen plays a central role in immune responses and iron recycling through the reticuloendothelial system. Obesity exerts deleterious effects on splenic metabolic and immune activities, as well as on the regulation of endogenous iron, thereby favoring the development of anemia. In this context, the low-grade chronic inflammation characteristic of obesity has been associated with disruption of iron homeostasis, a process that appears to involve alterations in the secretion of hepcidin, the principal hormone regulating systemic iron flow. The parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, via Vagus Nerve (VN), exerts an anti-inflammatory effect that depends on splenic activity. However, whether this VN-spleen interface modulates iron homeostasis remains unclear. Objective: To evaluate the effects of VN absence on the splenic histology of obese and non-obese rodents induced to hemolytic anemia by phenylhydrazine. Methods: Male Wistar rats were rendered obese through hypothalamic injury induced by subcutaneous administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG; 4 g/kg) from postnatal day 2 to 10 (PND 2–10). Control rats (CTRL) received an equimolar saline solution. On PND 60, MSG (n=32) and CTRL (n=32) rats were randomly assigned into subgroups (n=16) according to the surgical procedures: subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (SV) or sham operation (SHAM). On PND 90, half of the animals in each group (n=8) were induced to hemolytic anemia by intraperitoneal administration of phenylhydrazine (PHZ; 40 mg/kg). On PND 120, animals were weighed and euthanized; whole blood was collected for plasma analysis, including iron and hepcidin quantification. Retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) was excised and weighed. The spleen was harvested, weighed, and stored for histological analysis to assess area and morphological aspects of the White Pulp (WP), including the Lymphoid Nodule (LN) and Marginal Zone (MZ), as well as Red Pulp (RP) area. Results: MSG-treated animals developed obesity, associated with hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance (IR), and decreased circulating iron and hepcidin concentrations, along with reduced spleen weight, decreased WP and RP areas, and increased iron deposition compared to CTRL rats. In both CTRL and MSG groups, SV reduced body weight and adiposity and increased stomach weight. In the CTRLSV group, worsened TG and IR were observed, accompanied by reduced plasma hepcidin levels and increased hemosiderin deposits in splenic tissue. In CTRLPHZ animals, spleen weight was increased, with no significant histological changes, except for a reduced number of WP per field due to PHZ. However, in MSGSV animals, TG levels decreased, IR and fasting glycemia improved, and plasma hepcidin concentration increased – an effect enhanced in the MSGSV+PHZ group. The area and number of WP per field were greater in the MSGSV group. MSGPHZ rats exhibited splenomegaly and increased hemosiderin deposition, with a reduction in LN area and an increase in RP area. Conclusion: Rats with hypothalamic obesity present alterations in the hepcidin-iron axis, with greater splenic iron accumulation. The absence of vagal signaling increases iron deposition in splenic tissue and exerts opposite effects on hepcidin concentration in healthy and obese rats. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Impactos do exercício físico contra resistido de salto em meio aquático em modelo experimental de artrite reumatoide associada à periodontite

2026-07-29T14:16:36Z

Title: Impactos do exercício físico contra resistido de salto em meio aquático em modelo experimental de artrite reumatoide associada à periodontite Autor: Schnaufer, Thaís Caroline Primeiro orientador: Nassar, Patrícia Oehlmeyer Abstract: Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases that share similar immune-inflammatory mechanisms. The bidirectional relationship between these diseases involves genetic, environmental, and immune inflammatory factors, contributing to systemic exacerbation. Furthermore, not all alterations associated with RA are reversed by pharmacological treatment, and in periodontitis, physical exercise has shown potential as a complementary strategy. In this context, resistance exercise in an aquatic environment emerges as a promising approach due to its potential immunomodulatory effects. Objective: To analyze the impacts of an aquatic resisted jumping exercise protocol as a complementary strategy for minimizing inflammatory, tissue, and functional damage caused by the simultaneous presence of experimentally induced rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis in Wistar rats. Methodology: Forty-six male Wistar rats were distributed into six groups: control group (CG, n=7), exercise group (EXG, n=8), periodontitis group (PG, n=8), rheumatoid arthritis group (RAG, n=8), periodontitis + rheumatoid arthritis group (PRAG, n=7), periodontitis + rheumatoid arthritis + exercise group (PRAEXG, n=8). RA was induced by inoculation of Freund’s Complete Adjuvant, and periodontitis was induced by ligature placement. Eight assessments of nociceptive threshold and joint diameter were performed. After 22 days, the animals were euthanized, and synovial fluid from the right knee was collected for analysis of total leukocyte count and IL-17. The left hemimandibles and right knee joints were collected and processed for histomorphometric analysis. Results: The RA-induced groups showed an increase in joint diameter, confirming the onset of the disease. However, PRAEXG showed a significant reduction in diameter as early as EV4, whereas the PRAG showed a reduction only starting at EV5. Regarding leukocyte migration, althought there was no statistically significant difference, the PRAG presented a higher number of leukocytes compared to PRAEXG, however, no difference was observed in IL-17 expression. The nociceptive threshold decreased in the RA groups; however, the PRAEXG showed an increase at EV5, whereas the PRAG did not show a significant increase throughout the evaluation period. In the synovial membrane score analysis, the RA groups presented higher scores; however, morphologically, the PRAG showed clusters of inflammatory cells, a feature that was absent in the exercise group. In the histometric of the hemimandibles, the groups with periodontitis showed alveolar bone resorption; however, the PRAEXG presented the lowest value for the distance between the alveolar bone crest and the cementoenemal junction, as well as a lower number of osteoclasts compared to the PRAG group. Conclusion: Although some variables did not show a statistically significant difference, aquatic resisted jumping exercise had positive impacts, particularly in reducing edema and increasing the nociceptive threshold, suggesting its potential as a complementary strategy in the management of these chronic inflammatory conditions. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

Disfunções evacuatórias após a cirurgia bariátrica: avaliação clínica, funcional e resposta à fisioterapia pélvica.

2026-07-28T14:40:54Z

Title: Disfunções evacuatórias após a cirurgia bariátrica: avaliação clínica, funcional e resposta à fisioterapia pélvica. Autor: Sousa, Marcieli Schuster Primeiro orientador: Bonfleur, Maria Lúcia Abstract: Obesity is a major public health concern and is associated with multiple comorbidities, including pelvic floor muscle dysfunctions (PFMD), which negatively affect quality of life. Although bariatric surgery (BS) is considered one of the most effective interventions for the treatment of obesity, further studies are needed to investigate its effects on anorectal function, particularly regarding the occurrence of symptoms, functional alterations, and therapeutic approaches during the postoperative period. The aim of this thesis was to analyze the occurrence of defecatory dysfunctions and functional alterations in patients who underwent bariatric surgery, as well as to evaluate the effects of pelvic floor physiotherapy combined with electromyographic biofeedback on the treatment of these alterations. This thesis comprised a retrospective observational study and a longitudinal physiotherapeutic intervention study conducted at a gastroenterology and pelvic floor physiotherapy center in Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil. Data were collected between January and September 2022. A total of 1,639 patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy between 2015 and 2019 were included, comprising 1,184 women (72.3%) and 455 men (27.7%). In the first study, the occurrence of anorectal symptoms and anorectal manometric alterations was investigated, with comparative analyses according to sex. In the second study, patients presenting symptoms of defecatory dysfunction who were referred for pelvic floor physiotherapy combined with electromyographic biofeedback were evaluated using the Constipation Scoring System (CSS), the Cleveland Clinic Fecal Incontinence Score (CCFIS), and electromyographic assessment before and after the intervention. Statistical analyses were performed using a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). Among the 1,639 patients evaluated, 477 (29.1%) presented anorectal symptoms after bariatric surgery, with constipation being the most frequently reported symptom. Of these, 91 patients underwent anorectal manometry, and 64 received physiotherapeutic treatment. Differences in symptom profiles were observed between men and women; however, manometric alterations, such as sphincter hypotonia and anismus, occurred similarly in both sexes. Patients who underwent physiotherapeutic intervention showed significant improvement in constipation and fecal incontinence, accompanied by increased pelvic floor muscle activity. In conclusion, anorectal symptoms are common after bariatric surgery and are associated with relevant functional alterations. Furthermore, pelvic floor physiotherapy combined with electromyographic biofeedback proved to be an effective strategy for treating these dysfunctions. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese

GAMOPATIA MONOCLONAL DE SIGNIFICADO INDETERMINADO (MGUS) ENTRE APLICADORES DE AGROTÓXICOS NA MACRORREGIÃO OESTE DO PARANÁ

2026-07-27T16:16:57Z

Title: GAMOPATIA MONOCLONAL DE SIGNIFICADO INDETERMINADO (MGUS) ENTRE APLICADORES DE AGROTÓXICOS NA MACRORREGIÃO OESTE DO PARANÁ Autor: Oliota, Ana Flávia Redolfi Primeiro orientador: Rizzotto, Maria Lucia Frizon Abstract: Introduction: Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is an asymptomatic premalignant condition known to be a precursor of multiple myeloma (MM), whose etiology is not yet fully elucidated; however, evidence suggests occupational exposure to pesticides as a possible associated factor, especially among rural workers. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MGUS and to evaluate its association with occupational exposure to pesticides in the Western macro-region of Paraná, based on an epidemiological study in men aged over 50 years. Methods: An analytical observational epidemiological study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in the Western macro-region of Paraná between September 2023 and October 2024. The sample included 486 men aged 50 years or older, equally distributed between the exposed group (n = 243) and the non-exposed group (n = 243), defined according to occupational exposure to pesticides. Participants completed a standardized sociodemographic and occupational questionnaire and underwent laboratory evaluation for MGUS detection. Statistical analyses included univariate models and multivariable logistic regression to identify associated factors. Results: The epidemiological study identified an overall MGUS prevalence of 4.74% (95% CI: 2.99–7.09), with a higher frequency in the non-exposed group (7.05%; 95% CI: 4.08 11.19) compared to the exposed group (2.53%; 95% CI: 0.93–5.43). In the multivariable analysis, older age, former smoking, and the presence of comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, were associated with an increased risk of MGUS. Conclusions: No significant association was identified between direct occupational exposure to pesticides and MGUS, reinforcing the multifactorial nature of this condition and the need for longitudinal studies to better understand its causes and, subsequently, to develop prevention strategies in populations considered at higher risk. Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Tipo do documento: Tese