Alimentos alternativos para suínos

Abstract

Experiment I. The aim of this study was to evaluate the replacement of blood plasma (BP) by dehydrated egg powder (DOP) in piglet feed and its effects on zootechnical performance, blood parameters, diarrhea incidence, organ weight and pH, microbiological and morphological evaluation of the jejunum. Ninety-six piglets from a commercial line, whole males, with an initial body weight of 7.41 ± 0.30 kg, were allocated to a complete randomized block experimental design, consisting of four treatments, repeated twice over time, for a total of eight repetitions and three animals per experimental unit, for a total of 16 stalls, with the stall as the experimental unit. The experimental diets were arranged in four treatments, using different levels of replacement of the pigs' PS with OPD: (1) control diet (CD), (2) CD + 20% OPD replacing PS (OPD20), (3) CD + 40% OPD replacing PS (OPD40) and (4) CD + 60% OPD replacing PS (OPD60). There was no effect (p>0.05) of treatment on the zootechnical performance variables, however the results relating to the occurrence of diarrhea (DO) showed an effect (P=0.002) of treatment. In the pre-initial phase I, lower DO values were obtained for the DC and OPD40 treatments with 0.125 and 0.050 % respectively, when compared to the treatment that received OPD20. In pre-initial phase II, OPD60 resulted in lower DO (0.008%), with similar results for OPD20 and OP40 (0.027 and 0.045% respectively), differing only from DC with a higher occurrence of (0.089%) (p=0.004). For the blood biochemical variables, there was a difference (p=0.024) for ALB (p=0.029), URA (p=0.003) and total proteins. In the initial phase, there was an effect only for the ALB variable, with the highest concentration obtained for the OPD40 animals (2.86 mg/dL), differing from the DC treatment (2.55 mg/dL). For the hematological profiles in the initial phase, there was a difference (p=0.018) between the treatments for the leukocyte variable, in which the highest and lowest values were for DC and OPD20, being 34550 and 24471.4 mm respectively, which differed from each other, but were similar to the others. There was a treatment effect for the pH variable of the cecum digestive organ content (p=0.019) in which the OPD40 treatment had a lower pH (5.14) when compared to the pH of the OP20 treatment (5.45). In terms of intestinal morphometry, there was a treatment effect (p=0.037) on the villus height variable, in which the DC treatment was lower (0.368mm) than the OPD40 and OPD60 treatments (0.515 and 0.500mm), respectively. Diets including dehydrated egg powder were able to influence the occurrence of diarrhea, the blood biochemical profile and the health of the gastrointestinal tract of piglets in the nursery phase. Experiment II. The aim was to evaluate the inclusion of different fiber sources used in human and dog food in pig diets and their effects on blood metabolites, feeding behavior, fecal score, passage rate and digestibility of the diets. A total of 24 piglets from a commercial line, whole males, with an initial body weight of 20.69 ± 1.94kg were allocated to a completely randomized experimental design, consisting of 4 treatments repeated three times over time, for a total of eight repetitions per treatment: (1) reference feed (RR); (2) reference feed + dehydrated grape pomace bran (RR80% + FUV20%) ; (3) reference feed + apple pulp bran (RR80% +FPM 20%) ; and (4) reference feed + broccoli bran (RR80% + BR 20%) to determine apparent digestibility coefficients, digestible nutrient values, bromatological analysis of feces and blood parameters. In addition to evaluating the behavior of pigs fed with and without restriction on diets containing different sources of fiber. The animals fed the RR+BR diet had higher CDAMS and MSD than those fed the RR+FUV and RR+FMC diets. However, for CDAMO and MOD, the average values of the RR+FMC treatment were higher than the others. In terms of blood parameters, the animals fed the RR+FUV diet showed a higher level of total COLEST when compared to the other treatments. The pigs fed the DC+FPM diet had a higher GLIC level and a lower URA level than the other treatments. As for the variable alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the pigs fed the DC+FPM group had lower ALP than the other treatments. The pigs fed the RR+FPM diet had a lower RAU concentration (p=0.036) than those fed the RR diet. For the behavioral observations, there was an effect (p=0.009) of treatment on the variable of standing behavior, in which the pigs fed the ration containing (RR+FUV) showed a higher frequency of standing behavior. As for the fecal score and passage rate variables, the pigs given the RR+BC diet had a higher fecal score (p=0.0002) than those given the RR, RR+UVD and RR+FPM diets. However, the animals in the RR+FUV group had a lower fecal score (1.000) when compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, the inclusion of different fiber sources can be used in pig diets with positive effects on blood metabolites, feeding behavior and fecal score.