Da internação aos cuidados no domicílio: repercussão de práticas educativas e o suporte ao cuidador

Abstract

It is about an exploratory, descriptive, quantitative and qualitative research, which mainly aimed to learn in the living with caretakers, the manner the hospital educative practices and the actions of the Home Attention teams contribute to the development of care. As specific goals, we looked for: Evaluating the repercussion of the strategies in the education to the home care, carried out during the period of hospital internship; Analyzing the actions developed by the Home Internship and Attendance Program, for supplying the demands of the caretaker and for the continuity of the homecare; describing the way the caretakers live the practice with Homecare. The population of the present study was composed by the main caretakers of subjects included in the project of education for homecare, from a University Hospital, locate in the western region of West Paraná State, conducted to the Home Internship and Attedance Program from the city of Cascavel PR. The caretakers were interviewed in their residences, using the semi-structured interview technique, directed by means of instruments elaborated by the researchers. The testimonials were recorded and transcript, respecting the anonymity of the interviewed people. The quantitative data, referring to the characterizing of the caretakers and the subjects of care, were analyzed with resource and simple descriptive statistics, presented in forms. The qualitative data, obtained from the testimonies of the caretakers, were systematized in thematic units: The educational practices related to the complexity of the individuals cared. The caretaker being, and the implications of the care in Home Attendance; The action of the Home Attendance teams and inter-currencies with the subject cared at home. The educational practices helped the execution of the Home Care techniques. However, homecare presented compromised dominions by socioeconomic condition. There was a predominance of the verbal orientations with practical demonstration of the care and handing in of educational books during internship. We identified low wage and schooling among the caretakers, severe dependence of the cared subjects and difficulties in the teams of Home Attendance for supplying the material resources. The socio-economical determinants, such as family income, schooling level, living conditions and everyday stress of the non-stopping care are elements to which the lined intervention in the technician care, presented low solving ability. Although there have been verified positive aspects related to the action of the Home Care teams, the attempt of support facing the limitation of the caretakers, the health services and basic attention are little integrated and do not offer effective support and protection to the caretaker, so that they recur to supportive help from volunteers, friends and relatives to worthily keep homecare and diminish the physical, emotional, economical and social overwhelm. We identified moderated overwhelm (60%) and from moderated to severe overwhelm (40%) among the caretakers and cared individuals demonstrated home complications and inter-currencies