Doviális: propagação assexuada e sexuada, em função de diferentes épocas, concentrações de auxinas, substratos e períodos de fermentação

Abstract

The dovialis is a fruit that has been gaining market share with the increase in demand for exotic fruits over the last few years. Two experiments were conducted at the Station for Protected Cultivation and Biological Control "Professor Dr. Mário César Lopes", of the Unioeste, Campus Marechal C. Rondon (PR). In experiment 1, the aim was to evaluate the rooting of Dovyalis sp. cuttings, using concentrations of synthetic auxins, at two times of the year, from October to December 2020 (spring), and May to July 2021 (fall). Cuttings with 15 centimeters long and two pairs of leaves reduced in half, had the base immersed for 15 seconds in solutions with different concentrations of auxins [indolacetic acid (IAA), indolbutyric acid (IAB), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-D (2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)], were removed and arranged in a greenhouse, containing the sand substrate. The experimental design was entirely randomized, in a 4 x 4 x 2 factorial scheme [4 auxins x 4 concentrations (0, 1,000, 2,000 and 3,000 mg L-1) x 2 periods], with 3 repetitions of 25 cuttings per plot. The phytotechnical evaluations occurred 70 days after the implementation of the experiment, in each respective period. Doviali cuttings can be prepared in spring and fall. The synthetic auxins that can be used are the AIB, in the concentration 1000 mg L-1 and the AIA in concentrations between 1000 and 3000 mg L-1. In experiment 2, the objective was to verify the influence of different substrates and fermentation periods for overcoming dormancy, on the emergence of dovialis seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a shaded area, closed in the roof and sides with a black mesh of 30% shade. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme [four substrates (carbonized rice husk, sand, commercial substrate and Red Latosol) x four periods of fruit fermentation (0, 7, 14 and 21 days)], with 4 repetitions and 50 seeds per repetition, totaling 200 seeds per treatment. The evaluations occurred daily from the 1st to the 35th day after the installation of the experiment. We determined the seedling emergence EP, the emergence velocity index EVI, the average time of emergence TME and the average speed of emergence VME. For the variables EP and EVI, regardless of the substrate used, at time zero of fermentation the best results were observed. On the other hand, sand presented the highest TME, independent of the fermentation periods. For VME only the substrate Red Latosol showed significant interaction and obtained the highest value of this variable at 21 days of fermentation. Thus, at time 0, regardless of the substrate used, it was better in relation to the other periods of fermentation.