Capacidade estática de armazenagem agrícola no estado do Paraná: uma abordagem espacial

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate spatially the quantities and static storage capacities from the years 2013/2014 to 2014/2015, through the data obtained from a historical series of soybean, corn, and wheat crops for Paraná State, for the crop years from 2008/2009 to 2014/2015. The variables used in the research were obtained in federal and state surveys (SEAB, CONAB, and SICARM), in addition to secondary data, creating the analysis through the utilization of specific software: ArcGIS 10.3.1 (geoprocessing operations) and Geoda 0.95i. With the completion of the research, the factors that restrict the storage of grains were identified, associated with high production rates and analyzed how this difference compromises the agricultural sector. Univariate spatial autocorrelation of total grain production (soybean, 1st and 2nd maize crops, and wheat) and bivariate spatial correlation between total grain production and total storage static capacity and total grain production and total amount of storage were observed. In a second study that aimed to analyze the total static and dynamic capacity and to verify if the system of agricultural storage complied with the rhythm of the total grain production of Paraná State. The study was developed in the ten mesoregions of the State, for the crop years 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. The methodology used was exploratory analysis and data descriptive from the agricultural database of the Secretariat of Agriculture and Supply (SEAB) and the National System of Storage Unit (SICARM), as well as interviews with agroindustrial cooperatives. The storage units were organized into four groups according to commercialization and market type. The results showed 17.75% of insufficiency in Paraná State of total static capacity of warehouses to comply with the demand for the total grain production (soybean, 1st and 2nd maize crops, and wheat). For the total dynamic capacity of warehouses, it has been verified that it is sufficient in the mesoregions East Central, South Central, North Central, and Metropolitan. The study also showed that the vast majority of the total static storage capacity (CEA) is located in the urban area. The predominant characteristic of the total static capacity of warehouses was for the usage of the grain in the internal market (CI). The third study was conducted to verify the correspondence analysis to verify the existence of an association between the types of UAs and grain usage characteristics related to CEA and CD (Dynamic Grain Storage Capacity) as well as to analyze the application of the analysis of groupings of the types of UAs (Grain Storage Units) with similar characteristics and grain usage characteristics. The study was developed through the Warehouse Code (CDA), with each location being considered an experimental unit. The database of the System of National Register of Storage Units (SICARM) was used for the year 2014/2015. The results showed, by correspondence analysis, that the types of storage units that have the greatest association with all the characteristics of grain usage are: conventional warehouse, bulk warehouse, silo, and row of silos, and the grain usage characteristics: CI, CIE, CICOOPT, and CIECOOPT, by grouping based on Euclidean distance and hierarchical method of the middle link, concordant groups of the characteristic of CI grain usage were obtained more frequently (cerealists, commerce, farmers, storing the grain for usage in the internal market) with significant presence of CEA types: silos-in-row, conventional warehouse, and bulk warehouse.