A aplicação da mediação como meio alternativo de solução de conflitos socioambientais no direito brasileiro

Abstract

Faced with the development of the relationship between the individual and the environment, the conflicts became more complex and recurrent, which led to an increasing search for the Judiciary to resolve disputes. However, the judicial process is not satisfactory, due to the technical and formal rigor, the high costs and the delay in the jurisdictional rendering, which end up not meeting the urgency that the case requires, as well as the real interest of the parties, alternative means to solve these conflicting interests, among them mediation. However, the Federal Constitution of 1988 recognized the environment as being very common use of the people, categorizing it as a good of interest or diffuse right, which, in a positivist interpretation, prevents the application of alternative means, as well as have their own characteristics , such as multiplicity of actors and social groups and, in some cases, the participation of the Public Power, where dialogue and cooperation are relevant in order to find a consensual and peaceful solution that serves the interests of those involved and ensures the quality of life and the maintenance of the ecologically balanced environment. Thus, to answer the guiding question of the study, from a bibliographical and documentary research, in the perspective of the qualitative approach, based on the techniques of description and comparative analysis of doctrine and legislation focused on the subject matter, if it intends to discuss the possibility of applying the method of conflict mediation as an alternative means of solution of social and environmental conflicts, highlighting the gains derived from the application of this technique and the benefits of its insertion in both judicial and extrajudicial proceedings, since it seeks to meet the real interest of those involved, with the consequent pacification and social harmonization. In order to achieve the general objective, the following specific objectives were established: a) to define socio-environmental conflicts and alternative means of conflict resolution; b) to differentiate between alternative means of self-settlement and conflict resolution; c) to propose the feasibility of using the mediation method as an alternative means of solving socio-environmental conflicts, in view of the current understanding of the relation between person and nature, even when dealing with the environment of good of common use, categorized as diffuse right. Thus, from the study carried out, it was possible to apply mediation as an alternative means of self-settlement for the solution of socio-environmental conflicts, mainly because the matter is directly linked to fundamental rights, such as the right to life and the environment ecologically balanced, priority and urgency in resolving conflicts are intrinsic.