Política vs filosofia política: uma leitura a partir dos escritos de Jacques Rancière

Abstract

Rancière's eccentric political perspective differs from the tradition of the renowned theorists of political philosophy, like Plato, Aristotle, Hobbes, etc. From the ancients to the contemporaries much was discussed in the name of a political philosophy or how society should organize itself politically. In his work Disagreement, the philosopher proposes to call politics only what is specific of it, something that differs from what tradition understood as political philosophy. It is this "specific" that this research deals with and it is guided by the following questions: What is specific that we can think with the name of politics? What is the relation between politics itself and political philosophy? Facing this problem, this dissertation affirms that by the name of politics must be understood a specific litigation, fruit of the affirmation of an equality that is in its principle; as well as it shows that politics has nothing to do with the organization of common spaces, but rather that it exists only in the act. The research shows that institutions and organizations conventionally considered political effectively play the role of the police, understood here as responsible for the maintenance of the consensual order and contrary to any political manifestation that supposes the litigation. It suggests that it is the police that come to meet the tradition of political philosophy, initiated by Plato, and which feeds it. It shows that, according to Rancière, politics, as an act of claiming participation in common affairs, lies exclusively in democracy, which is directly linked to equality and dissent and can not be summed up as a kind of constitution and a form of society. Rancière's differentiation between politics and the police allows the research to affirm that in the name of maintaining the order that opposes itself to everything that does not follow an organization, political philosophical traditions are created that do not bring politics, but rather repeat the old discourse of mere organization of bodies, properly the role of the police. In short, the dissertation affirms and shows, from Rancière's texts, that political philosophy, as presented in the philosophical tradition, is the end of politics.