Dinâmica espacial da acumulação de capital do agronegócio: o caso do Mato Grosso

Abstract

The present dissertation have as a goal to identify where the state of Mato Grosso agribusiness capital accumulation is located. This is an economic-geographic study that analyzes the spacial usage of capital accumulation in agribusiness. We used the socio-spacial formation analysis category (SANTOS, 1977) to discuss the agribusiness. On this way, it was sought to urge on the capitalist mode of production in which Brazilian agriculture is inserted, as well as on the historical financialization and modernization process that led Brazilian agribusiness to exercise the importance it currently represents. The role of the State was fundamental for modernization to occur. The State was an inducer of agribusiness development through the credit granting, financing of crops, machinery, land, research centers construction - specialized in the growing crops development in Brazil, such as the various Embrapa units. In this context, the Cerrado biome has been a Brazilian country-land area where agribusiness has advanced the most, especially during the last four decades. The production evolution, productivity and planted area, principally soybean, corn and cotton crops in Brazil is the process result that has transformed the Brazilian agriculture over the years. As well, the advances obtained in the sector, the state of Mato Grosso represented this growth in big scale too. We seek to find where the state of Mato Grosso agribusiness capital accumulation is currently heading. However, it is worth remember that in order to historically and geographically contextualize the state of Mato Grosso development, it was necessary to situate it in the Midwest development context, as well as to reinforce that the agribusiness potential, in fact, is its co-operation with the industry and services sectors. On this way, the BNDES investments, to develop the economy of Mato Grosso, were essential in the 2000s. As a result of the agriculture modernization process and recently carried out BNDES investments, new regions specialized in grain production emerged in the state of Mato Grosso. Our fieldwork, in the region of Sorriso and Lucas do Rio Verde, for example, was verified that, in general, the agribusiness capital accumulation is destined to two investments fronts: one in the countryside and other in the cites. In the countryside the capital accumulation investments take place in the irrigation pivots implantation, storage silos construction and land purchase in the agricultural frontier new expansion areas. In the cities the investments take place in the urban lots purchase, apartments, buildings and houses in the country part of the productive agribusiness regions, in medium cities or capital cities of other states located far from the regions where the agribusiness capital accumulation occurs; moreover, some farmers choose to invest in overseas cities, specially in Europe and the USA