O panorama de uso da experimentação no Ensino da Física em municípios da região Oeste do Paraná: uma análise dos desafios e das possibilidades

Abstract

The thematic concerning the experimentation application at Physics Teaching has relevance due to contributions of methodological changes and several pedagogical resources to allow different possibilities during the scientific knowledge background. The reflections on this theme aim at contributing on the improvement of Physics learning and school content meanings for the students. The perspective is contextualizing theories and laws as well as the use of physical structures, materials and didactic instruments available in high schools and how their absence or precariousness can be made up for. On the other hand, there are constant reports of students and teachers evidencing difficulties in understanding the concepts, lack of interest in classes and the lack of practical-experimental activities. The scarce course schedule as well as the large number of pupils in the classrooms explain part of the difficulties, especially with the experimental work in schools. Thus, this research aims at analyzing how the use of experimentation in Physics Teaching has been taking place in High School of Public Schools of the Regional Nucleus of Education (RNE) in Toledo-PR. It thinks over the experimentation importance in the school curriculum and the conditions in schools for such activities, as well as the teaching professionals understanding about experimentation use and the teaching of physics. The bibliographical research and the field research were recorded with interviews with teachers, observation (logbook) in educational institutions. Questionnaires for teachers and students were applied in order to know the experimentation reality in Physics experienced in the regional school context. Data were submitted to content analysis in a qualitative research approach. It is identified that as a research result, although the subject of experimentation takes part on the discussions about Physics Teaching, in the school context and in the initial and continued background, there are difficulties to actualize practices in High School environments. But, if in one hand, it is indicated by the students as stimulating concerning the interest in learning the school syllabus, on the other hand, it can be observed in teachers' statements the predominance of demonstrative and checking approaches based on investigative experimentation feature, which justifies the ongoing debates to overcome difficulties listed in the research context, in order to explore the investigative nature of experimentation. Even though if the importance of experiments with low-cost materials is recognized, it is necessary to constantly update the science and computer laboratories as an extension of possibilities for experimentation