Agricultura familiar no contexto de desenvolvimento rural sustentável na Costa Oeste paranaense

Abstract

The present study presents the situation of the family agriculture units of municipalities in the West Coast Region of Paraná, based on the diagnoses raised by ADEOP - Paraná State Agency for the Development of the Extreme West between 2010 and 2012. Initially, Municipalities, followed by the analysis of their owners in terms of management, their members, labor and income, ending with the intrinsic characterizations related to the people residing in these units. Next, the productive systems of the family units were identified, followed by the analysis of the capacity of productive organization of these units, in relation to the choice of crops or activities and their respective associations, measuring the trends in relation to the size of the properties and the generation of income . With this information, we identified the main variables classified as determinants of household income in a regional context using linear regression, ending with the survey of probable environmental risks and the situation of waste, equipment and facilities conditions and their future goals . In relation to the municipalities, information was collected on the municipal agencies of agriculture, municipal visions related to family agriculture and their commercialization channels, the quality of access to services and information, their economic activities and issues considered important for their development, as well as the Municipal public policies offered to farmers. The research is characterized as exploratory and descriptive regarding the typology, deductive in relation to the method and with a qualitative-quantitative approach, using quantitative approaches of descriptive statistics, correlation and linear regression. It was concluded that the socio-economic relations promoted by companies and the State in the last decades in the development axes where these municipalities are located, the various emancipatory processes that promoted the proximity between rural and urban and the historical processes of sharing and inheritance, contributed to the exodus Rural, aging and masculinization in the family units studied, due to the attractive power of offering opportunities to young farmers; That the process of modernization of agriculture provided a change in the means of production of these family units, a diversity of crops was created in order to increase income, with commercialization focused on agribusinesses and integrators, with a high concentration of production of maize crops and Soybean as main activities, followed by milk activity; It was identified the existence of symmetry between the factors size of area and income range, with a process of commercialization of agriculture evident, conferring to these units the characteristic of family business agriculture, without diversification of activities, but with a diversity of productive activities To the market, represented by the production of commodities. These facts contribute to the existence of several challenges for the development of family agriculture: in the ecological dimension, due to established environmental risks, in the economic and social dimensions, by the prevalence of conventional productive systems and lack of commercialization channels, in the cultural dimension, by the loss Local knowledge and regional culture and, in the political dimension, the complexity in managing participatory processes for the implementation of public policies.