Uso do processo de compostagem no aproveitamento de resíduos de incubatório e outros de origem agroindustrial

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the composting processes with different percentages of organic residues, identifying the mix that gives the best performance of the process. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Center of Agricultural Engineering (NEEA) of the Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE). All waste from the composting process was drawn from the activities of the Agricultural Cooperative Consolata COPACOL. The following wastes were used as substrates: waste hatchery, flotation sludge, ash remaining boiler, waste machine pre-cleaning (cereals), composed of poultry carcasses, remaining coal boiler, solid fraction of pig manure, sausage casing (cellulose casings), solid fraction of the waste from washing of trucks, bagasse and Breeders bed. The experiment consisted of two tests: the first test, were mounted compost piles varying the proportions of waste, in order to test the waste mixtures by observing the behavior of the method, four mixtures with two replications in the hatchery was the principal for a total of eight piles. In the second trial, in possession of quantities of waste generated and the seasonality of their production, others were made four piles, with four replications compositions without varying the carbon sources. The first experiment was installed on December 22nd and 23rd, 2009. The residues were individually weighed on digital scales and packed in cartons, layered, and each windrow initial weight was 500 kg of weight. The temperature of the windrow was monitored daily. The weight and volume of the windrows were monitored weekly, every tillage and total solids and volatile solids, pH, conductivity, total organic carbon and nitrogen. Characterized the chemical waste "in nature and organic compounds at the beginning and end of the process by determining the macro-and micronutrients. The second test was implemented on September 4th, 2010, and were monitored the same parameters mentioned above. The temperature reached highs above 60°C during the composting process in all treatments in both trials. The average time of composting was of 67 days in two trials. The largest reductions in weight were observed in the second test (50,5%). The largest reductions in volume occurred on the second test (68%). The pH showed an increase until the end of the process and the EC decreased for all treatments in the first test, while the second test increased only in one treatment. The organic compounds obtained from the composting of organic residues have significant fertilizer value and can be used in soil as a nutrient source for plants, so the composting proved to be an efficient alternative for the treatment of industrial residues, promoting environmental sanitation.