Vontade e conhecimento como fundamento para a moral em Schopenhauer

Abstract

This paper proposes to understand and reflect how the categories of will and knowledge are addressed in the philosophy of Schopenhauer and what relationship they have with the moral altruistic. For this we seek to understand the inversion that makes Schopenhauer in his philosophy on the intuitive and abstract and the delimitation of intellect and reason faculties. For this, we will understand what the limits of the subject knowledge that relates to the world, the phenomena in the forms and principles inherent in this type of knowledge. In turn, we will also present the proper conditions to the subject's knowledge of the will as a metaphysical foundation of the world, being considered as "means" to approach, the body, the ideas and overcome the individuation principle. First we tried to identify which means knowledge of the will grounds the moral altruistic. Below we investigate the existence of a determination of the intelligible character to the moral and also the relationship of empirical character, acquired character and the motivations for the actins considered as endowed with genuine moral value. Finally, from the conclusions that the individuation principle overcoming is what provides recognition of the will as the one essence of the world and the suffering as identical to all beings, the definition understanding of character for the moral altruistic, we entered the approach about moral standards of Schopenhauer. Compassion, a sentiment that erupts from the individuation principle overcoming, is the basis of spontaneous justice and charity. With this, we contrast, finally, to the asceticism and understanding of the ascetic, even through the denial of the life will the individual has focused his will, placing it at contradiction, as the adoption of his way of life is foreshadowed by the individuation principle overcoming and compassion, he also appears related to morality.