Metafísica e conhecimento em Popper: a emergência propensitiva do mundo

Abstract

The dissertation has as study object the Karl Popper s metaphysical programme, expressed in his thesis of the propensities as a possible solution to the modern physics schism. According to the author, the great scientists had a largely metaphysical investigation program that methodologically guided their decisions and discoveries about reality. Our dissertation investigated how Popper argues the relationship between philosophy and science, a required symbiosis to seek a possible solution to the cosmology s problem. To the author, modernity was wrong on separating philosophy from science by stating that the first could not cooperate with the second. Metaphysics, however, is the ambit that ensures scientific speculation, allows the emergence of scientific theories and hypotheses. It is up to the (physics) science the submission of theories to tests, with the intention of purifying the guesswork as possible explanations of the reality. We learn from our mistakes, and progress as our theories are refuted. In this expedient is where we can treat a cosmology, a possible explanation of the metaphysical reality with a world unity image, orderly and coherent. A metaphysical research program unites all perspectives about the world and provides objective knowledge. Science, with its investigations, seeks for the proximity to the truth while replacing its metaphysical research programs. The problem of theoretical quantum physics was the rejection against metaphysics, and, thus, consequently its research program lost the unity regarding the knowledge constituted. Popper intends, through his theory of knowledge, support his collaboration as a philosopher for science when dealing with a metaphysical program that could be perfectly complementary to the twentieth-century science. This program aims to ensure the investigative mode resumption of the great scientists from the Greeks to the present times. A united image of the world allows the objectivity of knowledge and ensures a possible key of reading to match man's freedom and the emergence of new theories, besides enabling the own reality modification by man. The author argues there is at least a genuine problem concerning all beings of reason: cosmologically understand the world and himself. Therefore every human is committed to seeking theoretical solutions to solve this problem as well as others arising from it. Popper s knowledge theory is a clear attempt to fix Kant s philosophy, treating the objective knowledge as provisional and demonstrating the fragility of science itself. You cannot erect the theoretical edifice without the metaphysics help that underlies any scientific thesis. Popper's thesis is that the science of the twentieth century, expressed in quantum theory, requires an unitary metaphysics image of the cosmos so that it is possible to overcome physics crisis. Due to the division result from the rejection to Schroedinger and Faraday s metaphysical research program and Einstein's metaphysical program, Popper introduced a metaphysical program intended to bring together all metaphysical aspects of the world in an united image, able to support the knowledge about reality and man. Emergence concept is what enables to deal with reality in a propensity way. The man s freedom related to theoretical creations and actions can only be effective if we consider the image of the universe as indeterminate. The interaction between possible worlds, the emergence of human reason and its transcendence with the language allow objective knowledge. The thesis of the propensities enables emergence of the world of knowledge as an undetermined linguistic constitution which referent is a physical reality, equally indeterminate.