Mais do que a terra, queremos soberania: Liga Nacional dos Carperos e as soberanias no Assentamento de Santa Lucía no Paraguai.

Abstract

The new theories of social movements take into account the anti-globalization movements or alter-globalization (GOHN, 2003) that occurred at the turn of the new millennium, as one of the main innovations in the political arena in the civil society scene. The anti-globalization movement or alter-globalization created a new sociopolitical actor worldwide, which marked the agenda of major international problems, one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. In the context of rural social movements, we see the struggle for demands accompanied by the term "sovereignty": food sovereignty, energy sovereignty, territorial sovereignty, national sovereignty, popular sovereignty and cultural sovereignty. These sovereignties are used in speech to not only address the state, nation, country, people, but also the peasant and indigenous communities. Faced with the weakening of states, the actions of supranational institutions, the process of globalization and political decision-making strongly influenced by transnational companies, there was a revival of the sovereignty meaning by the social movements, in order to oppose the dictates of neoliberal policies in food production, culture, energy production, political representation and dynamics and belonging of the territory. The aim of this research was the analysis and understanding of the perceptions and realization of food, popular, cultural, national and territorial sovereignty in the settlements of Santa Lucía village, district of Itakyry in Paraguay. In Paraguay, these sovereignties are constantly affected by the dominance of transnational companies that are against social policies, agrarian reform and are also propagators of inequality. The economic and social logic advocated by the National League of Carperos, which after strong fight resulted in the settlement of Santa Lucía, is divergent from the neoliberal logic. They argue that the profit culture should be replaced by the culture of whole human being with the right to life, land, health, protection of cultural identity and respect for fundamental human rights. Several internal and external factors make it impossible to achieve food sovereignty in the settlement of Santa Lucía. Territorial sovereignty aims territorial development with autonomy and replacing the idea of regionalized economy (region) by the modern conception of territory. This design takes into account the components of each territory, not only economic, but also cultural, political, social and environmental. The cultural Sovereignty is the ability of a country to make its own cultural decisions. The country in this design is not just the state but rather refers to the people, with its political and cultural tradition at the national and local sphere defending themselves from neo-liberal and globalizing foreign interests. The Popular Sovereignty involves the processes of direct participation of the people and in the effectiveness of the will of the majority in public policy. This is a qualitative research aiming to identify the presence and absence of the characteristics of sovereignties in the settlement. The method used was the monographic, which consisted of an investigation that analyzed all the factors that influence the study group allowing the application of various research techniques and data collection. The sources and techniques that will be used for data collection are indirect and direct documentation, newspapers, interviews and intensive direct non-participant observation. The recording techniques that will be used comprise the field diary, audio recordings, photographs, records, reports and videos.