Avaliação da remoção do corante comercial reativo Azul 5G utilizando macrófita Salvínia sp.

Abstract

Among the main contributors to the contamination of water by industrial waste is the textile industry. The textile sector is a major producer of chemicals, such as colors, and generator large volumes of effluent. The textile dye is a product of high toxicity, and most of them are considered carcinogenic. Thus the removal of dyes in industrial effluents is of great interest, since such contaminants can affect water clarity, the solubility of gases in receiving bodies and change the processes of photosynthesis. In addition there are technologies for the removal of dye of effluent, such as activated charcoal, few studies have examined the ability of dye removal by biological origin, which would decrease the cost of treating this waste. Thus the process of biosorption used in this study was to investigate the application of macrophyte Salvinia sp. in nature and pre-treated in a basic with NaOH, and an acid with H3PO4, as low cost biosorbent for the removal of dye Blue 5G. The effect of pH and temperature was investigated in the biosorption process and proved to be variables that affect the ability to remove the dye solution. The adsorption data were adjusted to balance using the kinetic models of pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. The models of adsorption isotherms of Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips were used to describe the experimental data of equilibrium of biosorption process. The thermodynamic parameters of biosorption process were obtained. The results showed that the balance of the system was reached in approximately 48 hours of contact, with removal of dye Blue 5G of 98.35% for the Salvinia sp. in nature, at pH 1 and temperature of 60°C and 97.06% for the Salvinia sp. pre-treated with NaOH, 96.42% for the Salvinia sp. pre-treated with H3PO4 at a temperature of 45°C. The model of pseudo-second order showed satisfactory fit with experimental data. Among the models studied, the Langmuir isotherm described excellently the experimental data for the three biomasses studied, with maximum adsorption capacity of 24.26 mg/g at 30°C for biomass pre-treated in basic mean. The study of thermodynamic parameters of biosorption of dye Blue 5G showed that biosorption is endothermic nature and has a great affinity between the biomass and dye. This study found that the biomass of macrophyte Salvinia sp. pré-treated with NaOH has potential application in the removal of reactive dye Blue 5G, as alternative adsorbent and low cost.