Diversidade e perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos de bactérias isoladas em pisciculturas com diferentes densidades de estocagem

Abstract

The work aimed to characterize the bacterial diversity and profile of antimicrobial resistance in fish breeding with different densities. Water samples were collected in four points (amount, input, output, and downstream) of nurseries of three fish breeding, each composed of a different stocking density (4 fish by squared meter, 8 fish by squared meter, 10 fish by squared meter). The parameters analized to determine water quality were dissolved oxygen, temperature, water pH, electrical conductivity, phosphorus, ammonia, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and organic matter. Heterotrophic mesophilic bacteria were isolated as well as their total amount was determined. Subsequently, the identification of isolated species was carried out and then subject ted to qualitative analysis of front resistance profile to seven commercial antibiotics. The set of physical and chemical variables were summarized in three main components by main component analysis. In the first main component (ammonia, phosphorus, organic matter, water temperature and dissolved oxygen), there was a greater amount in the breeding ground than what was expected, where as the dissolved oxygen was higher than downstream. The second main substance (nitrite) showed a difference if compared to the inside of the breeding grounds, being higher than downstream. The interaction between breeding sites and densities, as well as the main density effect were not significant in the first two components. The third component (electrical conductivity) varied significantly between the sites, making it possible to notice that the amount was lower, and it experienced a signify cant raise inside the breeding ground sand went on to an intermediate value downstream. Concerning the values of density, it was possible to realize that the electrical conductivity was higher in the tanks which had the highest concentration of fish. From the 407 that were isolated, 55 bacterial species were recognized and identified, being part of eleven different families. The Enterobacteriaceae family was the one that prevailed among the evaluated densities, followed by Alcaligenaceae. The stocking density of 4 fish by squared meter presented significant statistical differences, with lower frequence of families. A great amount of resistant bacteria was observed, and their resistance was mainly to ampicillin and erythromycin, while fewer than 15% of the isolated were resistant to chloramphenicol and gentamicin. Among the isolated that were analyzed, 96% showed multiple antimicrobial resistance index higher or equal 0,2. The intensification of systems promoted the increase of bacteria concentration, there wasn't relation to the physical and chemical variables was identified a variety of bacterial species and there was high rate of resistance and multidrug resistance to antimicrobials tested.