Aplicação de um sistema de informações geográficas SIG) no estudo da apicultura na região oeste do Paraná

Abstract

Beekeeping has been established as one of the most important economically, socially and environmentally. However, there is a need for studies to improve honey production. This study aimed to develop a general methodology, through the use of Geographic Information System (GIS), which allows the storage of information and geographic location of apiaries in eight districts of the western region of Paraná, and the use of GIS to assessment of the overcrowded hives, its management, the local flora and land use on the quantitative and qualitative production of honey in the municipalities of Marechal Cândido Rondon and Santa Helena. With the survey data on the geographical locations of the eight municipalities of the apiaries were drawn circles of 3 km radius around the image of each point representing the apiaries georeferenced, allowing a diagnosis of their spatial distribution and selection of areas with highest and lowest overlap beehives in the municipalities of Marechal Cândido Rondon and Santa Helena, a total of four study areas. In each selected area were distributed 15 hives in them, totaling 60 hives of which were accompanied by the production of honey from the 2010 harvest, from which samples were collected for analysis of moisture, pH, total acidity, ash and color. Was also carried out an assessment of existing vegetation around these hives. Were registered and 383 126t beekeepers apiaries distributed across eight countries. In the municipality of Marechal Cândido Rondon 114 apiaries were georeferenced, with 1,661 bee hives belonging to 68 beekeepers with hives average of 14.57 and 24.42 per apiary hives per farmer. In the area of greatest overlap of apiaries in this city within a radius of 3 km 144 beehives were found in five apiaries. In the county of Santa Helena, 140 apiaries were georeferenced with 1,928 beehives belonging to 30 beekeepers. In the area of greatest overlap of apiaries within a radius of 3 km were 165 hives in 12 apiaries distributed, while the lower area of overlap, with the same radius, had 40 hives in two apiaries. According to the results of physical-chemical analysis, the 80 honey samples collected in four areas, all values were within the extent allowed by law. Multivariate analysis grouping the first extraction. Of the 60 hives available 16 groups were formed, while in the second extraction were evaluated 21 hives, which were divided into six groups. In the evaluation of all samples was the formation of five groups, indicating higher average production in the hives of the most populous area of St. Helena and lower in the most populated of Marechal Cândido Rondon. The Simpson diversity index of the four areas studied showed greater floristic diversity in the area of greatest overlap of hives of St. Helena, when compared with the area of overlap of the two largest counties,where the area of Marechal Cândido Rondon got a greater diversity that of Santa Helena. The grouping of the hives, the differences in the production of honey and floristic survey indicated that these differences may be associated with climatic differences recorded in the production period, the difference in handling and floristic diversity of the areas studied