Produção de massa seca e percolação de nutrientes em solos de texturas distintas em função de doses de dejeto líquido suíno

Abstract

In Brazil, the swine is an important economic activity but is a predominant activity of small farms and it is very important in the social, in the Paraná State, still come having special attention in reason of the environmental problems caused by its inadequate destination and storage, of which are distinguished of the pollution of waters. Amongst the alternatives to solve these problems it of the agricultural recycling in the vegetal production systems is considered, which used of these residues as sources of nutrients and organic substance for cultivated soils. Becomes necessary the establishment of criteria to base doses, and studies showing that this practical does not bring undesirable effect on the soil. Thus being, this experiment had as objective of the evaluate the effect of doses 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 m³ ha¹ of liquid swine manure on the content of extractable nutrients of soil, its presence in the water of percolating and its effect in the productivity. Lixiviation analysis were conducted in greenhouses, two soils medium texture and very clayey were conditioned in PVC columns, in witch, after receiving, superficially doses of swine manure were submitted to irrigation. The statistical delineation utilized was completely randomized, totaling 24 experimental units, the variables analyzed in corn plants were: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, the tenors of dry total mass of leaves and stems, nitrogen concentration and phosphorus. Soils were analyzed for phosphorus and micronutrient, iron and zinc. In the percolated solution at the soil columns were analyzed for nitrogen and phosphorus and their results compared with current legislation. At the conditions in which the experiment was conducted to conclude that: The application of liquid swine manure doses up to 60 m3 ha-1 can be used in corn in soils with clay loam and promoting increases in crop growth without causing changes in the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the plant dry. The application of the liquid swine manure doses up to 60m3 ha-1 can be used in medium textured soils and clay without causing nitrogen leaching, but to prevent the leaching of p must observe the limits set by legislation .Clayey soils have a higher retention capacity of copper and phosphorus in swine manure compared to medium textured soils. Was not observed for the zinc levels in soil, where the biggest holding capacity of this element was observed in sandy soil