Indução de fitolexinas e atividades de peroxidases em sorgo e soja tratados com extratos de basidiocarpos de Picnoporus sanguineus

Abstract

The induced resistance is an alternative for control of plant diseases, because the incorrect use of chemical products have been caused several problems to the environment. With the induced resistance, plants can produce secondary compounds, as the phytoalexins with antimicrobial activity. Additionally, peroxidases can be activated, causing cell walls reinforcement, through the formation of lignin that blocking the attack of pathogens. The resistance induced can be carried through by several substances, as secondary compounds produced by fungus, as the Basidiomycota Pycnoporus sanguineus. This work aimed to verify the phytoalexins induced and the peroxidases activity in sorghum and soybean treated with P. sanguineus basidiocarp extracts. With this purpose, the dichloromethanic, hexanic and ethanolic extracts, in concentrations of 100, 250, 500 and 750 mg L-1 were used for phytoalexins production and peroxidases activity in soybean cotyledons and sorghum etiolated mesocotyls. The acybenzolar-S-metil (ASM) (100 mg L-1 of active ingredient) and distilled water + Tween 20 (0.5%) were used as positive and negative patterns, respectively. For the phytoalexins assay in sorghum mesocotyls, the hexanic extract in concentration of 750 mg L-1 provided the highest induction in comparison to the control with water, however without differences to ASM. For the phytoalexins assay in the soybean cotyledons, the P. sanguineus extracts not induced activity significantly different of the positive and negative patterns, but also causing a suppression of the glyceollin synthesis for the dichloromethanic extract. In relation to the peroxidases activity, the dichloromethanic extracts for sorghum and soybean and ethanolic for soybean had inhibited the enzymatic activity. The induction verified for the hexanic extract in sorghum was not different from ASM control. The specific activity of peroxidase in soybean was inhibited by the ethanolic extract and it was induced by the hexanic, but with no differences of the treatment with ASM. These results indicate the weak potential of these extracts for the resistance induction in sorghum and soybean