Manejo das culturas de inverno e sua influencia sobre as propriedades físicas do solo, dinâmica de plantas daninhas, teor e acúmulo de nutrientes

Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate different management of winter cultures in a no-till system, assessing their influence on soil physical properties, dynamics of weeds, content and and nutrient accumulation on soybean in summer crop in Marechal Cândido Rondon - Paraná. The study was conducted in the experimental area of the State University of West Paraná - Campus Rondon in EUTRUSTOX (LVe). The experimental design was randomized blocks in band layout with three replications. The treatments consisted of four different winter crops (oats IPR 126, wheat BRS Tarumãt crambe FMS Bright and forage turnip cultivar common) and two management (chemical and mechanical). With respect to soil physical properties (macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and density), it was found that only the macroporosity was altered due to interaction between the winter crops and systems of management that occurred in the 0 - 10 cm in the assessment after the harvest of soybean crop. As to the values obtained for the penetration resistance of the soil, it was found that the oat (0.91 MPa) and crambe (1.43 MPa) provided significant differences in the 0 - 5 cm depth. Sixteen weed species were identified in the area, distributed in eleven plant families, especially the families Poaceae and Asteraceae. The presence of weeds in chemical handlings was lower when compared to mechanical handling. In relation to nutrient content were no significant differences for the quantities of N, C and C / N ratio of the materials. As for the accumulation of nutrients wheat BRS showed higher for Mg absorption with 9,15 kg ha-1