TEDE Collection:
https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/611
2024-03-29T13:26:19ZDiferencial do desempenho dos discentes que acessam as ações de permanência e os determinantes do desempenho no ensino superior federal brasileiro
https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/7086
Title: Diferencial do desempenho dos discentes que acessam as ações de permanência e os determinantes do desempenho no ensino superior federal brasileiro
Autor: Mattei, Tatiane Salete
Primeiro orientador: Alves, Lucir Reinaldo
Abstract: The increase in the supply of higher education has occurred worldwide, especially in the last 20 years, and new studies on the results of the educational process have become crucial. Failure (low performance, delay in completion and dropout) brings losses to individuals, the academic community, and society as a whole. Student performance, therefore, has become a variable of interest, serving for better planning of actions, improving the performance of other young people in the future, and reducing disparities among them. The increase in the educational supply of higher education in Brazil also occurred based on affirmative action policies. These actions materialize in the reservation of places (quotas) for low-income students, graduates of public schools, Black, mixed-race, indigenous people, and people with disabilities. Permanence actions are also essential measures aimed, in general, at reducing dropout rates and enhancing the quality of education. These measures are categorized into assistance/permanence scholarships and academic scholarships. The overaching objective of the thesis is to analyze the difference in the performance of students accessing permanence actions and those accessing joint admission and permanence actions. Additionally, the thesis aims to identify and analyze the determinants of student performance, with a particular emphasis on the role of affirmative policy actions and permanence. The students under investigation are part of Brazilian federal higher education system. The data sources used include microdata from the Higher Education Census of 2013, 2016, and 2019, as well as the National Higher Education Examination (ENADE) of 2017, 2018, and 2019. Methodological techniques employed encompass Propensity Score Matching, multilevel regression (enabling the analysis contextual effects), and multilevel quantile regression (for a comprehensive examination across strata of academic grades). The analyzes were conducted according to major regions and level of demand for the attended course. Furthermore, examinations were performed for student grade strata: high, medium, and low, considering three types of grades: general raw grade, general training grade, and specific training grade. The primary findings indicate that the number of students entering through quotas increased by 230% from 2013 to 2019, in contrast, the number of students with some form of permanence action increased by only 11.6% during the same period. The percentage of quota students benefiting from some form of permanence action was 39% in 2019. Due to these considerations, it is highlighted that affirmative actions and permanence actions in Brazilian federal higher education are not interconnected, posing a problem as the socioeconomic vulnerability of students persists after entering higher education. This factor can be a reason for dropouts and low performance. The study also concludes that students benefiting from some form of permanence action demonstrated better performance compared to their counterparts, with the difference reaching 4.7% higher in the analysis of the general education grade. Likewise, quota students benefiting from some form of permanence action demonstrated better performance compared to their non-benefiting peers, with a difference of 2.3 points of the general education grade, representing 4.57% increase. Through an extensive literature review, several factors influencing student performance were identified. The main factors found in the estimated models were socioeconomic factors, especially family income, age, gender, race, marital status, extra study hours, course colleagues, vocation as the main course choice, average course grade, racial quota, income quota, academic scholarship, and assistance/permanence scholarships. Academic scholarship, along with family income, are the factors that most impact student performance. The results reveal differences in the magnitude of the impact of the variables across the grade distribution stratum, but the direction of the effect (positive or negative) remains somewhat constant. Students with high grades are less sensitive to the influences of income, race, and peer support. Students benefiting from academic scholarships have a positive impact on their performance, and the higher the grade, the greater the impact. Conversely, students with assistance/permanence scholarships perform worse than others across all income strata. These results should not be construed as an argument for the extinction or invalidation of these public policies. As previously indicated, performance is comprehensive, multifaceted, multidetermined, and challenging to measure, and unequal performance does not necessarily indicate a lack of capacity or skill. Overall, the social benefits of these policies outweigh the costs due to diversity, equalization of opportunities, increased investment in education, revelation of talents that would remain undiscovered if these students did not enter the education system, and future benefits for the students' families. Students benefiting from affirmative actions and permanence are not obligated to outperform their peers, as structural, personal, historical, socioeconomic, and familial factors interfere with educational opportunities, combined with the prejudice and structural racism that permeate the lives of black people and individuals from marginalized groups in society, who are precisely the beneficiaries of these actions. For leveling and improvement the performance of these students, which implies enhancing Brazilian education, more policies need to be implemented and expanded to provide additional support so that these students have the chance to enter, adapt, and develop over time, and also, contribute to society in an equitable manner. Permanence actions play a fundamental role in this. They need to be viewed as State policies, aligning with affirmative actions, and should not focus solely on the economic aspects (which is also deficient) but also on the academic, symbolic, and psychological aspects. Furthermore, strict measures to combat prejudice, discrimination and structural racism need to be implemented in society as a whole.
Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
Tipo do documento: Tese2023-12-11T00:00:00ZTempo livre no trabalho voluntário: o desenvolvimento pessoal sobre as percepções dos coordenadores das pastorais católicas na microrregião de Cascavel - PR
https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/6936
Title: Tempo livre no trabalho voluntário: o desenvolvimento pessoal sobre as percepções dos coordenadores das pastorais católicas na microrregião de Cascavel - PR
Autor: Camargo, William Silvano de
Primeiro orientador: Piffer, Moacir
Abstract: In this thesis, the relationship between free time and voluntary work in Catholic pastorals in the micro-region of Cascavel - PR and their possible contributions to personal development were analyzed. The theoretical centrality of this work focused on the concept of personal development. The methodological procedures involved a qualitative approach, using theoretical references from Social Sciences, Philosophy, History, Anthropology and Economics, using Critical Discourse Analysis as an analytical form of data, focusing on field research based on of the theoretical method of Communication Systems Thinking. To this end, a script of open questions was applied with the aim of understanding the subjectivities of the responses passed on and transcribed, so that in the end the final analysis could be completed to obtain the results. The general objective was to analyze, through the perceptions of the volunteer coordinators of Pastorals in the microregion of Cascavel - PR, the relationship between volunteer work in free time and the possible promotion of personal development. The specific objectives, in turn, were aimed at demonstrating the effects of voluntary work in free time, identifying characteristics of personal development in voluntary work and how personal development was encouraged in voluntary work. Given these aspects, the research question was this: According to the perceptions of volunteer coordinators, can personal development be stimulated during free time in voluntary work in pastoral care? To answer it, in the second chapter, entitled Free Time: The characteristics of voluntary work for personal development, the connotations of free time were discussed in relation to voluntary work to promote personal development; in the third chapter, called The apparatus of the social organization of Catholic Pastorals, the organization and actions of the Pastorals were demonstrated in their general scope and in the micro-region of Cascavel - PR; in the fourth chapter, Methodological paths of field research, the process of carrying out the methodological research was explained; and in the fifth chapter, entitled Field research tabulations and their respective analyses, the data were tabulated and analyzed using Critical Discourse Analysis. The results revealed that voluntary work in free time provided various syntheses to stimulate personal development, such as vital direction, professional qualification and formal education, need for support from others, exercise of citizenship, institutional approach, family support, notion of belonging and group identification and social recognition, elements that are intertwined in voluntary work and are part of the process of personal development. All these syntheses led to the conclusion that free time in voluntary work stimulates personal development.
Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
Tipo do documento: Tese2023-09-25T00:00:00ZResiliência à pobreza multidimensional dos municípios do Centro-Oeste brasileiro
https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/6560
Title: Resiliência à pobreza multidimensional dos municípios do Centro-Oeste brasileiro
Autor: Barbosa, Francis Régis Gonçalves Mendes
Primeiro orientador: Lima, Jandir Ferrera de
Abstract: One of the central criticisms of resilience approaches stems from the absence of a grounded theoretical framework amid an infinite number of concepts and meanings of the term. This gap creates difficulties in measuring, managing, and formulating public policies. To subsidize scientific advancement in this gap, this research proposed a theoretical-methodological framework to analyze and explain the determinants of multidimensional poverty resilience in the municipalities of Central-Western Brazil between 2013 and 2019. The theoretical model of Regional Resilience to Multidimensional Poverty (RRPM, acronym in Portuguese) was developed, whose determinants were: structural inequalities, productive structure, location, policy interventions, adverse shocks, and initial condition of vulnerability to poverty, in its dimensions. Methodologically, the Multidimensional Poverty Vulnerability Index (IVPM, acronym in Portuguese) was estimated for 2013-2019, using 14 indicators of tangible and intangible assets, basic capabilities, and demographics, whose absolute variation supported the construction of a binary variable proxy for resilience to multidimensional poverty. Exploratory Analysis of Spatial Data (AEDE, acronym in Portuguese) was employed in assessing the formation of Poverty Resilience (RPob, acronym in Portuguese) clusters. Subsequently, the odds of multidimensional poverty resilience (MPR) were estimated, given a set of 19 proxy explanatory variables for the determinants of regional multidimensional poverty resilience. The main results pointed to the formation of RPob clusters, heterogeneously distributed spatially and across federal units. The estimates attested that: i) the chances of RPM of the municipality positively influenced those of the neighbors and were influenced by them; ii) productive specialization, the Bolsa Família Program, the Community Health Agents, and adverse shocks in the Municipalities Participation Fund increased the chances of RPM of the municipalities, a result that extended to the neighbors in the case of medium technological intensity jobs. On the other hand, bordering the North-Northeast regions of Brazil and adverse shocks in the proportion of Individual Microentrepreneurs (MEIs, acronym in Portuguese) reduced the chances of RPM, with spatial spillovers in the predominantly rural profile; iii) the average of the 2013 IVPM for the 19 neighbors reduced the municipality's chances of RPM, however, not applicable to the overall effects of the initial IVPM. The main contributions are grounded in the proposition of the theoretical-methodological framework of RRPM and the set of theoretical and empirical results that accepted the research hypotheses that resilience and vulnerability to multidimensional poverty are distinct and not necessarily opposing elements in the context of the Midwest of Brazil.
Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
Tipo do documento: Tese2023-02-06T00:00:00ZInvestimentos e desempenho econômico das organizações do agronegócio: uma abordagem das interações entre o ambiente institucional e o ambiente organizacional
https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/6459
Title: Investimentos e desempenho econômico das organizações do agronegócio: uma abordagem das interações entre o ambiente institucional e o ambiente organizacional
Autor: Souza, Marcos Paulo Rodrigues de
Primeiro orientador: Piacenti, Carlos Alberto
Abstract: The study aimed to analyze the relationship between investments and the economic performance of agribusiness organizations through the interactions between the institutional environment and the organizational environment. Based on the New Institutional Economics (NIE), the general hypothesis was that countries with solid institutional environments attract investments, which positively influence the economic performance of agribusiness organizations. The theoretical and empirical models were tested on a sample of 2,563 listed agribusiness organizations based in 53 countries around the world, whose data for the period 2011 to 2019 were collected from Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), FAOSTAT, and Thomson Reuters Refinitiv Eikon®. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with unbalanced panel data and random effects. In summary, the results found support the general hypothesis for at least three reasons. First, the evidence suggests that government expenditure (SDG 2 indicator), credit to agriculture, and foreign direct investment in a nation are sensitive to the quality of the institutional environment, i.e., more significant contributions tend to be made in nations with strong and better structured institutional matrix, which reduces the uncertainty of the environment and ensures safeguards for investors' property rights. It was also found that the agricultural gross added value and the volume of arable land and agricultural production are stimuli to investments. As a second reason, the results indicate that the best economic performance is likely to occur in large companies with lower debt and high asset turnover in organizations based in countries with better quality investments, that is, where the best interactions between investments and agricultural production occur. Finally, third, this relationship is moderated by the institutional environment, in which higher risks or uncertainties resulting from a nation's "institutional vacuum" favor higher returns on assets and returns on investment for organizations. Therefore, the results support that the NIS premise that institutions matter applies in the context of this study.
Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
Tipo do documento: Tese2022-11-08T00:00:00Z