TEDE Community:https://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/5732024-03-16T03:34:07Z2024-03-16T03:34:07ZProdução de mudas de cultivares de maracujazeiro (Passiflora spp.) em função de fontes e doses de silícioFagundes, Alessander von Wagnerhttps://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/70652024-03-07T23:49:09Z2023-11-23T00:00:00ZTitle: Produção de mudas de cultivares de maracujazeiro (Passiflora spp.) em função de fontes e doses de silício
Autor: Fagundes, Alessander von Wagner
Primeiro orientador: Klosowski, Élcio Silvério
Abstract: The passion fruit tree is a climbing fruit tree that is widely cultivated in all regions of Brazil and has undergone updates in the production system for single-cycle crops, making it feasible to use tall seedlings. Two experiments were carried out with the aim of evaluating the development of passion fruit seedlings submitted to the application of sources and doses of silicon around the stem (drench) directly into the substrate. The design used was randomized blocks (RBC). In the first experiment, in a 5x4 factorial scheme, five cultivars were evaluated in the absence of silicon, magnesium silicate, potassium silicate and silicic acid at the equivalent dose of 0.084 g L-1 of silicon per application, distributed in three blocks. In the second experiment, a 5x4 factorial scheme was used to evaluate four passion fruit cultivars in combination with silicic acid concentrations (0 g L-1, 0.1 g L-1, 0.2 g L-1, 0.4 g L-1 and 0.8 g L-1), distributed in three blocks. The cultivars were BRS Gigante Amarelo, BRS Sol do Cerrado and BRS Rubi do Cerrado, BRS Mel do Cerrado and BRS Pérola do Cerrado. The seedlings were grown in a greenhouse at the State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon Campus. Two evaluations were carried out, at 77 days after sowing (DAS) and 157 DAS, of plant height, collar diameter, number of leaves and SPAD index and, for the second, in addition to these, number of internodes, aerial, root and total dry mass and Dickson quality index. When comparing the silicon sources, no difference was found for plant height, collar diameter and SPAD index at 77 DAS. At 157 DAS, the application of potassium silicate increased the SPAD index and the treatment with silicic acid increased the dry mass of the stems and roots. Except for the number of leaves at 77 DAS, the cultivars responded differently to the absence and levels of doses applied. Regardless of the doses and the interaction between treatments, cultivar BRS Mel do Cerrado had the lowest averages for height and SPAD index at 77 and 157 DAS. The cultivar BRS Sol do Cerrado at the estimated dose of 0.18 g L-1 was the most suitable for producing a quality seedling according to the Dickson Quality Index (IQD) and BRS Gigante Amarelo had the highest plant height regardless of the dose level tested.
Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
Tipo do documento: Dissertação2023-11-23T00:00:00ZSistemas de cultivo de grãos no Oeste paranaense e seus impactos na qualidade física e biológica do soloTortelli, Gustavo Moiséshttps://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/70412024-02-23T12:33:54Z2023-02-24T00:00:00ZTitle: Sistemas de cultivo de grãos no Oeste paranaense e seus impactos na qualidade física e biológica do solo
Autor: Tortelli, Gustavo Moisés
Primeiro orientador: Oliveira, Paulo Sérgio Rabello de
Abstract: Brazilian agriculture has stood out at a global level due to its great productive potential,
so that Brazil has become one of the largest exporters worldwide and identified as the
main supplier of food to the world in the coming decades. Having the capacity to grow
two or more crops per year in some regions, this intensive production has influenced
soil quality. With the aim of evaluating the effects of this influence on the physical and
microbiological quality of the soil, the main grain production systems in Western
Paraná were adopted. The design adopted was that of cazualized blocks with five
treatments and four replications. The treatments were soy/corn 2nd harvest (S1),
soy/corn 2nd harvest/black oats after corn harvest, with alternation to wheat (S2),
soy/corn 2nd harvest + Brachiaria (S3), soy/wheat (S4) and soy/oats (S5). The
experiment was implemented in January 2020 with the corn crop and lasted until the
corn harvest in the 2022 harvest. For the soil structural assessment, rapid soil structure
diagnosis (DRES) was carried out and the samples were collected at the layer of 0 –
25 cm, for determining the geometric mean diameter (GMD), aggregate stability index
(IEA), soil organic carbon (TOC) and for the analysis of microbial biomass carbon,
basal respiration, enzyme analysis ß-glycosity, Arylsulfatase and phosphatase were
collected samples in the 0 – 10 cm layer. When evaluating the soil structure via DRES,
the IQES of managements S1, S2 and S3 presented 4.32, 4.29 and 4.47, respectively,
statistically different from managements S4 and S5, which presented an IQES of 3. 51
and 3.54. For the geometric mean diameter (GMD), aggregate stability index (IEA) and
soil organic carbon (TOC), the production systems were similar. In the evaluation of
the effects of management on the soil microbiota, the parameters of microbial biomass
carbon, basal respiration, ß-glucosity, Arylsulfatase and phosphatase, there was no
difference between the managements, so it was not possible to highlight the effects
resulting from the management employees. The short period of time that elapsed
between the implementation of the experiment and the collection of samples had a
direct effect on the results, based on the fact that the alteration of these characteristics
through cultural management requires more time to be able to measure their effects.
Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
Tipo do documento: Dissertação2023-02-24T00:00:00ZNível de dano econômico da Conyza spp. em áreas de produção de sojaBrustolin, Dyogo Bortothttps://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/70362024-02-21T00:52:45Z2020-08-31T00:00:00ZTitle: Nível de dano econômico da Conyza spp. em áreas de produção de soja
Autor: Brustolin, Dyogo Bortot
Primeiro orientador: Costa, Neumárcio Vilanova da
Abstract: Among the main weeds that occur in the soybean growing areas of the western region of Paraná, the Conyza genus is among the most predominant, mainly due to the continuous applications of the same mechanisms of action of herbicides, and the result has been great losses in productivity. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the economic damage level of Conyza spp. in soy production areas in western Paraná. The experiment was carried out under field conditions in the 2018/2019 summer harvest, in 13 commercial soybean production areas located in the municipalities of Toledo (areas 1 and 2) Maripá (areas 3 to 7), Ouro Verde do Oeste (areas 8 and 12) and Medianeira (area 13), in the State of Paraná. Each area the treatments referring to the densities of Conyza spp. were randomly allocated, according to population levels found naturally in the areas, corresponding to 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 plants m-2, with four replications per density. Weed managements were grouped in different ways, as follows: management 1 - (areas from 1 to 4) pre-sowing desiccation - 30 DAS with glyphosate + 2,4-D / paraquat and post-emergence glyphosate + clethodim; management 2 - (area 2) pre-sowing desiccation - 30 DAS with paraquat and postemergence glyphosate + cloransulam; management 3 - (areas 6 and 7) pre-sowing desiccation - 30 DAS with glyphosate + 2,4-D + chlorimuron/ paraquat or glyphosate + chlorimuron / paraquat and post emergence glyphosate; management 4 - (areas 8 and 9) pre-sowing desiccation - 30 DAS with glyphosate + saflufenacil and postemergence glyphosate + haloxyfop or only glyphosate; management 5 - (areas 10 to 12) without pre-sowing desiccation - 30 DAS and post-emergence glyphosate + clethodim or glyphosate + haloxyfop; management 6 - (area 2) without pre-sowing desiccation - 30 DAS and without post-emergence application. The coexistence of soybean plants with Conyza spp. promoted reductions in the order of 1.6 g to 4.6 g per plant m-2 in the mass of a thousand grains between areas 1, 4, 5, 6, 11, 12 and 13 depending on the management used, in areas 2, 3, 7, 8 and 9 it was not possible to define the losses. The reduction in grain yield due to the increase in the density of Conyza spp. was verified in 11 of the 13 evaluated áreas, in areas 4 (management 1) and 10 (management 4) there was no effect of increasing the density of Conyza spp. in productivity, a fact that may have occurred due to management or local conditions. Thus, the presence of 1 plant m-2 of Conyza spp., caused reductions in grain yield from 20.90 to 377.85 Kg ha-1. Considering the average economic values used during soybean cultivation for the 2018/2019 harvest, in which productivity varied between 1410 and 3315.2 Kg ha-1, the grain price ranged from R$ 45 to 90 and the cost of control varied between 0 and R$ 310.10, it was possible to estimate the NDE from 0.25 to 2.31 plants m-2 of Conyza spp. for areas in the western region of Paraná.
Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
Tipo do documento: Dissertação2020-08-31T00:00:00ZCaracterização fenológica, adubação e potencial agronômico de espécies de pitaiaSilva, Luciana Sabini dahttps://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/69852024-02-07T22:30:33Z2023-02-28T00:00:00ZTitle: Caracterização fenológica, adubação e potencial agronômico de espécies de pitaia
Autor: Silva, Luciana Sabini da
Primeiro orientador: Villa, Fabíola
Abstract: Pitaya is an exotic fruit that is expanding in Brazilian markets, generating growing commercial cultivation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the phenology, agronomic potential and fruit characteristics of pitaya species submitted to different fertilizations. The experiments were conducted on the farm at the Experimental Farm “Prof. Antônio Carlos dos Santos Pessoa”, in Marechal Cândido Rondon/PR. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, factorial scheme 5 x 2 [four top dressing fertilizations (T1 = 14 kg of tanned bovine manure, T2 = 2 kg of chicken manure, T3 = 7 kg of tanned bovine manure + 1 kg of bedding). tanned aviary, T4 = mineral fertilization (NPK) and T5= zero fertilization/control) x two dragon fruit species (Hylocereus undatus, Hylocereus polyrhizus)]. The evaluations were carried out in the 2019/20 and 2020/21 harvests. In experiment I, the evaluation of phenology began 21 months after transplanting the seedlings and was carried out daily from the appearance of the first flower bud in the orchard, in addition, phytotechnical parameters were evaluated. In experiment II, the growth rate was calculated using the TCA method (absolute growth rate). Growth measurements were: plant height, number of cladodes in the plant, number of shoots at the base, length of shoots, fresh mass of shoots. And in experiment III, the chemical characteristics of the fruits were evaluated:
phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity (DPPH), ascorbic acid content (vitamin C), total acidity and pH. The duration of the phenological cycle of pitaya species is influenced by annual climatic conditions and the type of fertilization. The reproductive cycle of the crop takes an average of 30 days. The greatest period of growth of the species occurs from August to November. Fertilization with poultry litter and cattle manure is recommended in February, August and November. The fruits of the studied species underwent changes in chemical characteristics depending on the source of fertilization, with H. undatus being the species with the highest content of phenolic compounds under the studied conditions.
Publisher: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
Tipo do documento: Tese2023-02-28T00:00:00Z